Cognitive and neural bases of episodic memory

情景记忆的认知和神经基础

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-05768
• 负责人: Davidson, Patrick
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=714615
• 关键词: Cognitive; neural; bases; episodic; memory

Many of the most memorable events in our lives are emotional. To better understand how emotion affects episodic memory, so far my Highly Qualified Personnel (HQPs) and I have used emotional words, sentences, and pictures. As a field, we have learned much already by using these types of stimuli. Yet, we can improve on them: For example, many of the images in the most popular still image collection are from the 1970s and look dated to current participants. Importantly, they may no longer be arousing enough to reliably elicit strong subjective and physiological responses. To overcome these challenges, my HQPs and I have assembled a set of almost 300 brief video clips to use as stimuli. The advantages of movie clips include moving images being more life-like and generally more emotionally evocative than still images. Although some previous movie clip sets exist, most are small and contain famous/familiar scenes from feature films, and many contain unrealistic scenes from science fiction/horror films. If scenes are familiar, this can influence participants' emotional responses, eye movements, attention, and memory. We have ensured that our stimuli are novel and realistic-looking, to avoid these problems. We will use these stimuli to ask what drives emotional memory, including whether young adults really show a negativity bias/advantage, and how different aspects of memory (e.g., recall vs recognition, central/core vs. peripheral/context) are affected by emotion, including examining the theoretically-relevant question of what happens after a delay. We will also examine individual and group differences in emotion's effects on memory, including cognitive and neurobiologically-relevant factors such as sex and hormonal effects, and adult age differences. A vast literature has developed on the question of whether older adults' emotional memory is qualitatively different from young adults', and using the methods in this program of research we will be able to answer this question in a more conclusive way. This program will serve as the basis for additional work on the cognitive neuroscience of emotion and memory, including neuroimaging. It fits well with my long-term goal of understanding the cognitive and neural bases of episodic and autobiographical memory.

我们生活中许多最难忘的事件都是情绪化的。为了更好地理解情感是如何影响情景记忆的，到目前为止，我和我的高素质人员（hqp）使用了情感词汇、句子和图片。作为一个领域，我们已经通过使用这些类型的刺激学到了很多东西。然而，我们可以改进它们：例如，最受欢迎的静态图片集中的许多图像来自20世纪70年代，对现在的参与者来说看起来已经过时了。重要的是，它们可能不再足以引起强烈的主观和生理反应。为了克服这些挑战，我和我的hqp们收集了一组近300个简短的视频片段作为刺激。电影剪辑的优点包括动态图像比静态图像更逼真，通常更能唤起情感。虽然有一些以前的电影剪辑集存在，但大多数都很小，包含故事片中著名/熟悉的场景，还有许多包含科幻/恐怖电影中不现实的场景。如果场景是熟悉的，这可能会影响参与者的情绪反应、眼球运动、注意力和记忆力。为了避免这些问题，我们已经确保我们的刺激是新颖的和现实的。我们将利用这些刺激来询问是什么驱动了情绪记忆，包括年轻人是否真的表现出消极的偏见/优势，以及记忆的不同方面（例如，回忆与识别，中心/核心与外围/环境）如何受到情绪的影响，包括检查理论相关的问题，即延迟后会发生什么。我们还将研究情绪对记忆影响的个体和群体差异，包括认知和神经生物学相关因素，如性别和荷尔蒙影响，以及成人年龄差异。关于老年人的情绪记忆是否与年轻人有本质上的不同，已经有了大量的文献研究，使用本研究项目中的方法，我们将能够以更确凿的方式回答这个问题。这个项目将作为情感和记忆的认知神经科学的基础，包括神经成像。它很符合我的长期目标，即理解情景记忆和自传式记忆的认知和神经基础。