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The Effects of Aging and Genetic Variation on the Neural Bases of Cognitive and Language Control

衰老和遗传变异对认知和语言控制神经基础的影响

基本信息

批准号：
9917423
负责人：
Arturo E Hernandez
金额：
$ 23.25万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-15 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9917423
关键词：
ANKK1 gene Affect Age Aging Alleles Analysis of Variance Anterior Area Basal Ganglia Behavioral Blood flow Brain Chromosome 11 Cognitive Corpus striatum structure DRD2 gene Dementia Diagnosis Dopamine Dopamine D2 Receptor Dorsal Elderly Energy Metabolism Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Future Genes Genetic Genetic Polymorphism Genetic Status Genetic Variation Genotype Individual Individual Differences Laboratories Language Link Literature Measures Modeling Nature Paper Pathway interactions Pattern Performance Play Population Prefrontal Cortex Publishing Recovery of Function Research Research Personnel Resources Role Route Shorthand Stroke Testing Work age effect aging population base bilingualism carrier status caudate nucleus cingulate cortex cognitive control cognitive function cost deoxyhemoglobin design experience flexibility genetic makeup genetic variant indexing protective factors putamen relating to nervous system response young adult

项目摘要

The proposed project is designed to investigate the effects of age and a gene associated with striatal dopamine play on a set of cognitive and language control tasks in a group of Spanish-English bilinguals. To achieve this, the proposed project will use functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), which measures neural activity indirectly via changes in deoxyhemoglobin which is correlated with blood flow and energy metabolism. Work in many laboratories including our own has identified the brain areas involved in cognitive and language control in bilinguals. However, recent work on a putative advantage in bilinguals has led for calls to abandon any further study of cognitive control in this population. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that differences in the ability to perform nonverbal cognitive control tasks also exist within the bilingual population. Finally, this difference may also be involved in language control. One factor that has not received much consideration in this literature is the nature of genetic differences that might moderate this effect. Independent studies with single language speakers have found an advantage on nonverbal switching tasks for carriers of the A1 allele of the ANKK1 taq1A polymorphism. These individuals have reduced dopamine D2 receptors, show a decrease in switching costs, and have decreased activity in neural areas devoted to cognitive control. A group of old and young adult bilinguals will be screened for their genetic makeup. Comparisons between young and older adult bilinguals will be performed to investigate whether age interacts with carrier status of the ANNK1 gene influences neural activity during tasks involving cognitive and language control. The results from the proposed studies will serve to extend studies conducted in my laboratory using the DRD2 to an aging population. By doing so we hope to elucidate the extent to which aging and striatal dopamine may play a role in bilinguals’ ability to flexibly adapt between languages. The results of these studies should serve as the springboard for future studies with older adults that can investigate the extent to which bilingualism may serve as a protective factor against changes in cognitive control due to genetic differences. They may also help to further elucidate the role of individual genetic and language experience differences in the neural activity associated with cognitive control.

拟议的项目旨在研究年龄和相关基因的影响纹状体多巴胺在一组认知和语言控制任务中发挥作用西班牙语-英语双语者。为了实现这一目标，拟议的项目将使用功能磁共振成像 (fMRI)，通过间接测量神经活动与血流量和能量相关的脱氧血红蛋白的变化代谢。许多实验室（包括我们自己的实验室）的工作已经确定了大脑区域参与双语者的认知和语言控制。然而，最近的工作双语者的假定优势导致人们呼吁放弃对双语者的任何进一步研究该人群的认知控制。此外，最近的研究表明，差异执行非语言认知控制任务的能力也存在于双语者中人口。最后，这种差异还可能与语言控制有关。一个因素在这篇文献中没有得到太多考虑的是遗传的本质可能会缓和这种影响的差异。使用单一语言进行独立研究说话者发现 A1 载体在非语言转换任务上具有优势 ANKK1 taq1A 多态性的等位基因。这些人的多巴胺减少 D2 受体显示转换成本降低，并且神经元活性降低致力于认知控制的领域。一群年老和年轻的双语成人将筛选他们的基因组成。年轻人和老年人之间的比较将进行双语测试以调查年龄是否与携带者状态相互作用 ANNK1 基因影响涉及认知和语言的任务期间的神经活动控制。拟议研究的结果将有助于扩展在我的实验室使用 DRD2 来应对老龄化人口。通过这样做，我们希望能够阐明衰老和纹状体多巴胺可能在双语者的能力中发挥作用的程度灵活地适应不同的语言。这些研究的结果应作为未来对老年人进行研究的跳板，可以调查老年人的程度双语可能作为一种保护因素，防止认知控制因以下原因而发生变化：遗传差异。它们还可能有助于进一步阐明个体遗传的作用与认知相关的神经活动和语言体验差异控制。