Hierarchical 2D/3D nanosheet materials for the production of hydrogen from methane without the formation of CO2 and for water purification.

分层 2D/3D 纳米片材料，用于从甲烷生产氢气而不形成二氧化碳，并用于水净化。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04616
• 负责人: Tremblay, Andre
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=715069
• 关键词: Hierarchical; 2D; 3D; nanosheet; materials

The anthropogenic release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is measurable and cannot be denied. CO2 is a waste product of society's industrialization brought about by the complete combustion of fossil fuels. After water, it is the compound that contains the lowest exergy (available work) from complete combustion. It represents the waste having the lowest value from combustion. It is difficult to separate from nitrogen, difficult to compress and transport to a disposal site and finally inject underground. There are increasing questions as to whether it will leak from reservoirs over a period of 10,000 years. We can do better by producing hydrogen and pure carbon from these fuels. The hydrogen could be burnt for energy and the carbon stored as a solid. The objective of this proposal is to develop new catalysts and processes that can harness part of the energy contained in methane and produce solid carbon. This will be done with a new class of 2D/3D nanomaterials to be produced in the applicant's lab. Many hierarchically porous materials have been developed over the past ten years. They have demonstrated improved performance over conventional materials due to their greater surface area and improved accessibility to catalytically active sites. Most of these advancements have been based on a class of anionic clays known as layered double hydroxides (LDH). LDHs have been prepared by several methods such as co-precipitation, ion exchange, calcination-rehydration, hydrothermal and electrochemical. However, LDHs prepared by these methods are usually stone-like or plate-like and have limited surface areas. They need to be improved for potential applications. We have successfully synthesized 2D/3D nanoplatelet materials that have pores in the shape of slits of 200 nm width. These slit-like pores biomimic the pores found in the human kidney. This shape offers considerable resistance to fouling by proteins and colloids. Most recently we have reinforced the 2D/3D nanoplatelets developed in our laboratories, placed them in packed beds and studied the dispersion of dyes passing through these beds. The nanoparticles were found to pack in beds that have a 10-fold lower dispersion than all packing materials reported in the literature. These latest results confirm the advantages of the slit pore geometries and the isoporous nature of these new packing materials. The objective of this work will be to produce self-assembled structures from nanoplatelets and reinforce them for use in packed beds and membranes. These structures will have slit-like pore geometries. They will be tested in the catalytic decomposition of methane to form hydrogen and carbon. They will also be deposited as fine filters on ceramic and metal supports to treat wastewaters containing colloids and fine particulates in order to reduce membrane fouling. The results of this work will lead to a new form of carbon sequestering and produce high-performance membranes.

人类活动向大气中排放的二氧化碳是可以测量的，也是不可否认的。二氧化碳是化石燃料完全燃烧所带来的社会工业化的废物。在水之后，它是包含完全燃烧的最低火用（可用功）的化合物。它代表燃烧产生的价值最低的废物。它很难从氮气中分离出来，很难压缩和运输到处理场，最后注入地下。人们越来越多地质疑它是否会在10,000年的时间内从水库中泄漏。我们可以通过从这些燃料中生产氢气和纯碳来做得更好。氢可以燃烧产生能量，而碳可以以固体形式储存。该提案的目标是开发新的催化剂和工艺，可以利用甲烷中所含的部分能量并生产固体碳。这将通过申请人实验室生产的一类新的2D/3D纳米材料来完成。 在过去的十年中，已经开发了许多分级多孔材料。由于它们更大的表面积和对催化活性位点的改善的可接近性，它们已经证明了比常规材料更好的性能。大多数这些进展都是基于一类被称为层状双氢氧化物（LDH）的阴离子粘土。LDHs的制备方法有共沉淀法、离子交换法、煅烧-再水化法、水热法和电化学法等。然而，通过这些方法制备的LDHs通常是石状或板状的，并且具有有限的表面积。它们需要为潜在的应用程序进行改进。我们已经成功地合成了具有200 nm宽的狭缝形状的孔的2D/3D纳米片材料。这些裂缝状的孔隙仿生人类肾脏中发现的孔隙。这种形状对蛋白质和胶体的污染提供了相当大的抵抗力。 最近，我们加强了我们实验室开发的2D/3D纳米片，将它们放置在填充床中，并研究了通过这些床的染料的分散。发现纳米颗粒填充在具有比文献中报道的所有填充材料低10倍的分散的床中。这些最新的结果证实了狭缝孔几何形状的优点和这些新的填充材料的均孔性质。 这项工作的目标将是从纳米片产生自组装结构，并加强它们用于填充床和膜。这些结构将具有狭缝状孔几何形状。它们将在甲烷催化分解形成氢和碳的过程中进行测试。它们还将作为精细过滤器沉积在陶瓷和金属载体上，以处理含有胶体和细颗粒的废水，以减少膜污染。这项工作的结果将导致一种新形式的碳螯合，并产生高性能的膜。