Clinical Investigation in Canine and Feline Transfusion Medicine: Novel Blood Groups and their Clinical Significance

犬猫输血医学的临床研究：新血型及其临床意义

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04979
• 负责人: Blais, MarieClaude
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=715250
• 关键词: Clinical; Investigation; Canine; Feline; Transfusion

In veterinary medicine, the demand for blood transfusions has increase dramatically in order to support anemic and bleeding patients requiring more and more sophisticated care. Significant knowledge gaps concerning blood banking and blood compatibility in dogs and cats have been filled, but much remains to be investigated. A current concern is the threatened sustainability of blood typing for dogs and cats, and the associated loss of significant transfusion medicine knowledge, because of the lack of a reliable source of blood typing reagents. Our blood bank is a pioneer in veterinary blood transfusion with an exceptional reputation based on the quality of its blood products and of its research/publications, putting us in a unique and privileged position to address such concerns and to pursue research of novel blood groups. Our recent collaboration with the Canadian Animal Blood Bank will also facilitate large-scale clinical investigation. Briefly, dogs have a dozen blood group systems mostly known as dog erythrocyte antigens (DEA), with the most important being DEA 1. First-time transfusion is considered safe without prior cross-matching, as most dogs do not possess naturally-occurring antibodies. That said, mild immunologic incompatibilities of unknown clinical significance have been documented in some transfusion-naive dogs. As multiple blood transfusions recipients are more common, novel blood groups are likely to be identified, likewise the discovery of the Dal blood group. The rarity of Dal-negative phenotype pauses particular challenge as compatible blood is scarce. Except for DEA 1, canine blood typing relies on polyclonal reagents. Because of the limited accessibility of DEA 3, 5 and Dal typing reagents, finding compatible blood for a given patient can be arduous, and further comparative blood typing studies are limited and may become simply impossible. In opposite, the AB blood group system in cats is characterized by well-defined naturally-occurring alloantibodies. In 2007, a novel blood group named Mik was identified in cats. Since then, very little has been published on feline blood compatibility despite the fact that naturally-occurring alloantibodies outside of the AB and Mik system are known to exist. Our preliminary results indicate that 15% of cats possessed such alloantibodies, but their capacity to result in transfusion reactions remains unknown. The work outlined herein will significantly improve blood compatibility knowledge in dogs and cats. First, we will continue to investigate the clinical significance of blood groups in dogs and cats and their related alloantibodies. Second, we aim to provide long-term solution to the sustainability of veterinary blood typing by producing monoclonal typing reagent. Funding this research will improve the safety of transfusion for companion animals by generating tangible guidelines for veterinarians and will facilitate future antigenic and genotypic characterization of blood groups.

在兽医领域，为了支持需要越来越复杂护理的贫血和出血患者，输血的需求急剧增加。关于狗和猫的血库和血液相容性的重大知识空白已经得到填补，但仍有许多问题有待研究。当前的一个担忧是，由于缺乏可靠的血型试剂来源，狗和猫血型的可持续性受到威胁，以及相关的重要输血医学知识的丧失。我们的血库是兽医输血领域的先驱，因其血液制品的质量和研究/出版物而享有卓越的声誉，这使我们处于独特且有利的地位，可以解决此类问题并开展新血型的研究。我们最近与加拿大动物血库的合作也将促进大规模的临床研究。 简而言之，狗有十几种血型系统，主要称为狗红细胞抗原 (DEA)，其中最重要的是 DEA 1。首次输血无需事先交叉配血就被认为是安全的，因为大多数狗不具有天然产生的抗体。也就是说，在一些未曾接受过输血的狗中已记录到临床意义不明的轻度免疫不相容性。随着多次输血接受者越来越常见，新的血型可能会被识别出来，就像 Dal 血型的发现一样。由于相容性血液稀缺，Dal 阴性表型的罕见性暂停了特殊的挑战。除 DEA 1 外，犬类血型检测均依赖于多克隆试剂。由于 DEA 3、5 和 Dal 分型试剂的可及性有限，为特定患者找到相容的血液可能很困难，而且进一步的比较血型研究也很有限，甚至可能变得根本不可能。 相反，猫的 AB 血型系统的特点是具有明确的天然同种抗体。 2007 年，在猫身上发现了一种名为 Mik 的新型血型。从那时起，尽管已知存在 AB 和 Mik 系统之外的天然同种抗体，但关于猫科动物血液相容性的报道却很少。我们的初步结果表明，15% 的猫拥有此类同种抗体，但它们导致输血反应的能力仍不清楚。 本文概述的工作将显着提高狗和猫的血液相容性知识。首先，我们将继续研究狗和猫血型及其相关同种抗体的临床意义。其次，我们的目标是通过生产单克隆分型试剂为兽医血型的可持续性提供长期解决方案。资助这项研究将为兽医提供切实的指南，从而提高伴侣动物输血的安全性，并将促进未来血型的抗原和基因型表征。