Clinical Investigation in Canine and Feline Transfusion Medicine: Novel Blood Groups and their Clinical Significance

犬猫输血医学的临床研究：新血型及其临床意义

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04979
• 负责人: Blais, MarieClaude
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=737988
• 关键词: Clinical; Investigation; Canine; Feline; Transfusion

In veterinary medicine, the demand for blood transfusions has increase dramatically in order to support anemic and bleeding patients requiring more and more sophisticated care. Significant knowledge gaps concerning blood banking and blood compatibility in dogs and cats have been filled, but much remains to be investigated. A current concern is the threatened sustainability of blood typing for dogs and cats, and the associated loss of significant transfusion medicine knowledge, because of the lack of a reliable source of blood typing reagents. Our blood bank is a pioneer in veterinary blood transfusion with an exceptional reputation based on the quality of its blood products and of its research/publications, putting us in a unique and privileged position to address such concerns and to pursue research of novel blood groups. Our recent collaboration with the Canadian Animal Blood Bank will also facilitate large-scale clinical investigation. Briefly, dogs have a dozen blood group systems mostly known as dog erythrocyte antigens (DEA), with the most important being DEA 1. First-time transfusion is considered safe without prior cross-matching, as most dogs do not possess naturally-occurring antibodies. That said, mild immunologic incompatibilities of unknown clinical significance have been documented in some transfusion-naive dogs. As multiple blood transfusions recipients are more common, novel blood groups are likely to be identified, likewise the discovery of the Dal blood group. The rarity of Dal-negative phenotype pauses particular challenge as compatible blood is scarce. Except for DEA 1, canine blood typing relies on polyclonal reagents. Because of the limited accessibility of DEA 3, 5 and Dal typing reagents, finding compatible blood for a given patient can be arduous, and further comparative blood typing studies are limited and may become simply impossible. In opposite, the AB blood group system in cats is characterized by well-defined naturally-occurring alloantibodies. In 2007, a novel blood group named Mik was identified in cats. Since then, very little has been published on feline blood compatibility despite the fact that naturally-occurring alloantibodies outside of the AB and Mik system are known to exist. Our preliminary results indicate that 15% of cats possessed such alloantibodies, but their capacity to result in transfusion reactions remains unknown. The work outlined herein will significantly improve blood compatibility knowledge in dogs and cats. First, we will continue to investigate the clinical significance of blood groups in dogs and cats and their related alloantibodies. Second, we aim to provide long-term solution to the sustainability of veterinary blood typing by producing monoclonal typing reagent. Funding this research will improve the safety of transfusion for companion animals by generating tangible guidelines for veterinarians and will facilitate future antigenic and genotypic characterization of blood groups.

在兽医学中，为了支持需要越来越复杂护理的贫血和出血患者，对输血的需求急剧增加。关于狗和猫的血库和血液相容性的重大知识空白已经填补，但仍有许多有待研究。目前的一个问题是，由于缺乏可靠的血型试剂来源，狗和猫的血型定型的可持续性受到威胁，以及相关的大量输血医学知识的丧失。我们的血库是兽医输血的先驱，基于其血液产品和研究/出版物的质量而享有盛誉，使我们处于独特和特权的地位，以解决这些问题并进行新血型的研究。我们最近与加拿大动物血库的合作也将促进大规模的临床研究。简单地说，狗有十几个血型系统，大多数被称为狗红细胞抗原（DEA），最重要的是DEA 1。首次输血被认为是安全的，无需事先交叉配血，因为大多数犬没有天然抗体。也就是说，在一些未接受过输血的犬中记录了具有未知临床意义的轻度免疫不相容性。由于多次输血的接受者越来越普遍，新的血型很可能被鉴定出来，Dal血型的发现也是如此。Dal阴性表型的罕见性暂停了特定的挑战，因为相容性血液稀缺。除DEA 1外，犬血型分型依赖于多克隆试剂。由于DEA 3，5和Dal分型试剂的可及性有限，为给定患者找到相容的血液可能是困难的，并且进一步的比较血型研究是有限的，并且可能变得根本不可能。相反，猫的AB血型系统的特征是明确的天然存在的同种抗体。2007年，在猫身上发现了一种名为Mik的新血型。从那时起，尽管已知AB和Mik系统之外存在天然存在的同种抗体，但有关猫科动物血液相容性的文章却很少。我们的初步结果表明，15%的猫拥有这样的同种抗体，但他们的能力，导致输血反应仍然是未知的。本文概述的工作将显着提高狗和猫的血液相容性知识。首先，我们将继续研究犬和猫的血型及其相关同种抗体的临床意义。第二，我们的目标是通过生产单克隆分型试剂，为兽医血型分型的可持续性提供长期解决方案。资助这项研究将通过为兽医制定切实可行的指南来提高伴侣动物输血的安全性，并将促进未来血型的抗原和基因型表征。