Understanding and Modelling Canadian Urban Systems and their Climate Interactions for Resilience Building and Developing Climate Change Adaptation Measures

了解和模拟加拿大城市系统及其气候相互作用，以增强抵御能力并制定气候变化适应措施

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-05238
• 负责人: Sushama, Laxmi
• 金额: $ 4.44万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=715431
• 关键词: Understanding; Modelling; Canadian; Urban; Systems

It is now increasingly clear that actions must be taken soon to address the impacts of climate change by adapting and developing viable strategies and technologies that are socially acceptable and are low-impact, whether it is for harsh climates such as in the Arctic or densely populated urban regions. Ultra-high resolution climate change information that is greatly desired in many impact and adaptation studies, particularly for Canada's urban regions, is severely lacking. The proposed research will address this important and emerging need in understanding how urban environments modify weather and climate, particularly in the Canadian context, in current and future climates. My long-term research objective is to advance knowledge of urban-climate-engineering-sustainability systems to support long-term planning and management of resilient and sustainable urban engineering systems, including infrastructure. During this Discovery Grant, I will focus on the urban-climate part, as this forms the basis of my long-term plan, which is less explored in the context of Canadian cities. To this effect, four exciting scientific questions will be addressed in the short term. They are: (1) How urban-weather/climate interactions differ for differently located and configured Canadian urban regions? (2) How urban precipitation effect varies in time and space and what are the underlying mechanisms? (3) Are there any emerging regional patterns in projected changes to urban climate and weather characteristics for Canadian cities? (4) How will urban extreme hydrometeorology change, including urban pluvial and fluvial flooding, in future climate and their implications on feedbacks and interactions? The research methodology will include numerical urban climate model development and its application in climate change experiments and sensitivity experiments to understand processes and mechanisms. The proposed research will deliver a world leading, very high-resolution urban-climate modelling system and new knowledge base for adapting urban systems to a changing climate. This will be beneficial to policymakers, planners, designers, engineers, contractors and others working on climate-resilient infrastructure and will create the opportunity for multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional links needed to prepare Canada for a sustainable future. This research will constitute a significantly progressive step forward for Canada, enabling better assessments and investigations related to adapting urban systems to a changing climate, which will lead to considerable economic savings due to the substantially increased service life and performance of urban systems. One of the other major contributions will be the training of a group of highly qualified personnel, in collaboration with government, industry and consulting engineering firms, in the area of high-resolution urban climate modelling and analysis, which is in great demand both nationally and internationally.

现在越来越明显的是，必须尽快采取行动来解决气候变化的影响，通过适应和开发可行的策略和在社会上可接受且影响力较低的技术，无论是在北极或密集的城市地区等苛刻的气候。在许多影响和适应研究中，尤其是对于加拿大城市地区，极大地不希望的超高分辨率气候变化信息严重缺乏。拟议的研究将解决这一重要和新兴的需求，以了解城市环境如何改变天气和气候，尤其是在加拿大环境中，在当前和将来的气候下。 我的长期研究目标是促进对城市气候工程技术的知识，以支持包括基础设施在内的弹性和可持续性城市工程系统的长期计划和管理。在这项发现赠款中，我将重点关注城市气候部分，因为这构成了我的长期计划的基础，在加拿大城市的背景下，这是不太探索的。为此，将在短期内解决四个令人兴奋的科学问题。它们是：（1）在地理位置和配置的加拿大城市地区，城市天气/气候互动的不同之处？ （2）城市降水效应如何在时间和空间上变化，以及哪些基本机制是什么？ （3）在对加拿大城市的城市气候和天气特征的预计变化中，是否有任何新兴区域模式？ （4）在未来的气候下，城市极端水样学（包括城市泛滥和河流洪水）将如何变化及其对反馈和互动的影响？研究方法将包括数值城市气候模型发展及其在气候变化实验和灵敏度实验中的应用，以了解过程和机制。 拟议的研究将提供世界领先的高分辨率城市气候建模系统和新知识库，以使城市系统适应不断变化的气候。这将对政策制定者，计划人员，设计师，工程师，承包商以及其他从事气候富裕基础设施工作的人有益，并将为为可持续的未来做准备加拿大所需的多学科和多机构链接创造机会。 这项研究将构成加拿大迈出的显着渐进的一步，使与使城市系统适应气候变化有关的更好的评估和调查，这将导致大量的经济节省，因为城市系统的使用寿命和性能大大提高。其他主要贡献之一将是在高分辨率的城市气候建模和分析领域与政府，行业和咨询工程公司合作培训一组高素质的人员，这在国家和国际上都在国内和国际上都有需求。