Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
基本信息
- 批准号:RGPIN-2019-05904
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 3.72万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:加拿大
- 项目类别:Discovery Grants Program - Individual
- 财政年份:2020
- 资助国家:加拿大
- 起止时间:2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Air, water, biota, rocks and sediments are dominated by oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen. Each element occurs in two or three stable forms called isotopes, e.g., oxygen-16, oxygen-17 and oxygen-18. Their relative abundances in water, biological tissues and minerals are controlled by environmental conditions. Plant matter and shells, for example, can be proxies of past environments preserved in sediments in chronological order. These proxy isotopic compositions can be translated into records of past temperature, aridity and organic productivity. My research team decodes those isotopic signals and the processes that control or destroy their fidelity. We go “Back to the Future” to reconstruct ancient environments based on robust proxy records and seek patterns that can serve as bellwethers for the future.
The program proposed here focuses on fresh water, organic matter and secondary shelly and marl carbonate as proxies for environmental change over the last 10,000 years in the Great Lakes region:
(1) We will test a new model that suggests that in-cloud' processes drive precipitation oxygen- and hydrogen-isotope variations, rather than the classical water-source/distillation model in place for more than 60 years. The Great Lakes region is seasonally affected by air masses of different origins. This complexity provides a needed test of the in-cloud' hypothesis. If the new model is validated, precipitation isotope compositions could become a bellwether for climate-related hydrological transitions. The resulting paradigm shift would also affect interpretation of proxy isotopic signatures; and
(2) We will focus on proxies contained in sediments of the Great Lakes and smaller southern Ontario lakes deposited during the last 3000 years. We seek to detect and distinguish natural isotopic variation from signals of human activities and to evaluate the changing relative contributions of each. First, we must identify those proxies that best preserve original information and those that are not always reliable witnesses to the past (e.g., bulk organics). Then, anchored by robust paleoclimate records obtained from good' proxies, we can assist policy makers in anticipating shifts in climate, environment and hydrology that this highly populated region may face, and more immediately, in identifying what mitigation of anthropogenic effects will be most effective. Finally:
(3) We are using the same tool kit to evaluate the isotopic signature of water trapped in old shales. If those compositions reflect water source, the data can be used to identify the water's origin. If the water has interacted with shale clays after entrapment, original isotopic signatures may have changed. Knowing which scenario is correct is important. Shales are potential repositories for hazardous wastes in Canada; their porewater isotopic signature is commonly assumed to reflect water source and used to determine whether these rocks have been leaky or tight over long periods of time.
空气、水、生物群、岩石和沉积物主要由氧、氢、碳和氮组成。每种元素都以两种或三种称为同位素的稳定形式存在,例如氧-16、氧-17和氧-18。它们在水、生物组织和矿物质中的相对丰度受到环境条件的控制。例如,植物物质和贝壳可以是按时间顺序保存在沉积物中的过去环境的替代品。这些替代的同位素组成可以转化为过去的温度、干旱和有机生产力的记录。我的研究团队对这些同位素信号以及控制或破坏其保真度的过程进行了解码。我们去“回到未来”,根据可靠的代理记录重建古代环境,并寻找可以作为未来领头羊的模式。
这里提出的计划重点是淡水、有机物以及次生壳和泥灰岩碳酸盐,作为过去10,000年来五大湖地区环境变化的替代品:
(1)我们将测试一个新的模型,该模型认为云中的过程驱动降水的氧和氢同位素变化,而不是存在了60多年的经典水源/蒸馏模型。大湖区受到不同来源的气团的季节性影响。这种复杂性为云中假设提供了必要的测试。如果新模型得到验证,降水同位素组成可能成为与气候相关的水文转变的风向标。由此产生的范式转变也将影响对代理同位素签名的解释;以及
(2)我们将重点研究过去3000年来沉积在五大湖和安大略省南部较小湖泊的沉积物中含有的代用品。我们试图从人类活动的信号中检测和区分自然同位素变化,并评估每种变化的相对贡献。首先,我们必须确定那些最好地保存原始信息的代理,以及那些不总是可靠的过去证据的代理(例如,散装有机物)。然后,以从良好的替代指标获得的稳健的古气候记录为基础,我们可以帮助政策制定者预测这一人口稠密地区可能面临的气候、环境和水文变化,并更直接地确定什么样的缓解人为影响将是最有效的。最后:
(3)我们正在使用相同的工具包来评估被困在旧页岩中的水的同位素特征。如果这些成分反映了水源,这些数据就可以用来确定水的来源。如果水在被捕获后与页岩粘土发生了相互作用,那么原始的同位素特征可能已经改变。知道哪种情景是正确的是很重要的。在加拿大,页岩是危险废物的潜在储存库;它们的孔隙水同位素特征通常被认为反映了水源,并被用来确定这些岩石长期是泄漏的还是致密的。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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{{ truncateString('Longstaffe, Frederick', 18)}}的其他基金
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2019-05904 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2019-05904 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2019-05904 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2014-05293 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
462336-2014 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Accelerator Supplements
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
462336-2014 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Accelerator Supplements
相似海外基金
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2019-05904 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2019-05904 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2019-05904 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2014-05293 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2014-05293 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2014-05293 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
462336-2014 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Accelerator Supplements
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2014-05293 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
462336-2014 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Accelerator Supplements
Understanding lower temperature natural systems using stable isotopes
使用稳定同位素了解低温自然系统
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2014-05293 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 3.72万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual