Dynamically Reconfigurable Adaptive Wireless Energy Transfer and Harvesting

动力传输的原理最早是由赫兹和特斯拉提出的。今天，无线电力传输（WPT）技术提供了切断最后一根电线，允许用户在真正的空间自由地为设备充电，就像数据通过空气传输一样容易。随着笔记本电脑、智能手机和可穿戴设备等无线设备使用的爆炸式增长，对实时供电的需求不再是一种奢侈品，而是一种必需品，这推动了对WPT技术的需求。这个跨学科的研究项目旨在通过实时地向那些无法获得电力的地区提供电力，来解决对自适应WPT和能量收集的需求。感应谐振和远程射频无线功率传输以及新一代集成自适应射频功率采集器都将得到解决。这是第一次，两种相互竞争的功率传输/收获技术，中程电感和远程射频，将结合在一起，形成一个单一的可重构和自适应WPT系统。利用有源超材料和可重构磁聚光器，可以抵消磁场强度和射频功率随距离和位置变化而产生的损耗，从而优化功率传输效率。此外，提出的新型功率采集器将具有感应和射频功率接收能力，具有双功能谐振线圈/低增益天线阵列，以形成感应波束形成，以及基于超材料的射频能量集中器和超级透镜。中程电感谐振WPT的应用包括下一代零排放电动汽车（EV）技术、医疗植入物（如起搏器）、非侵入性手术设备、电动工具、笔记本电脑、智能手机、无人机等。远程射频WPT真正承诺通过无电池、自供电的无线传感器网络和应用，解锁5米至100米范围内的空间自由，潜在的应用包括物联网（IoT）、mids和rfid、智能家居、实时定位系统（RTLS）、无人机、航空航天和空间应用。最后，电力采集器在智能家居、联网汽车、物联网、医疗传感器、遥测等领域都有应用。

The principle of power transmission was first introduced by Hertz and Tesla. Today, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology offers to cut the last cord and allow users to charge devices with true spatial freedom and as easily as data is transmitted through the air. With the explosion in the use of wireless devices, i.e. laptops, smartphones and wearables, the need for accessing power in real-time is no longer a luxury but rather a necessity and is fueling the need for WPT technology. This interdisciplinary research program seeks to address the need for adaptive WPT and energy harvesting by providing power on-the-go in real-time and to areas where it would be otherwise inaccessible. Both inductive resonant and long-range RF wireless power transfer will be addressed as well as a new generation of integrated adaptive RF power harvesters. For the first time, two competing power transmission/harvesting technologies, mid-range inductive and long range RF, will be combined to form a single reconfigurable and adaptive WPT system. The use of active metamaterials and reconfigurable magnetic concentrators will optimize Power Transmission Efficiency (PTE) by offsetting losses in magnetic field strength and RF power as range and location vary. In addition, the proposed novel power harvesters will feature both inductive and RF power reception capabilities with dual function resonant coil/low-gain antenna arrays to form inductive beamforming as well as metamaterial based RF energy concentrators and superlenses. Applications for mid-range inductive resonant WPT include next-generation zero-emission electric vehicle (EV) technology, medical implants such as pacemakers, non-invasive surgical devices, power tools, laptops, smartphones, UAVs and more. Long-range RF WPT truly promises to unlock spatial freedom to ranges from 5 meters to 100 meters with battery-less, self-powered wireless sensor networks and applications potentially include the Internet of Things (IoT), MMIDs and RFIDs, smart homes, Real-Time Localization Systems (RTLS), UAVs, aerospace and space applications where power is unavailable. Finally, power harvesters find applications in smart homes, connected vehicles, IoTs, medical sensors, telemetry and much more.