Development of Acoustical Oceanographic Techniques

声学海洋学技术的发展

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06764
• 负责人: Zedel, Leonard
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=716378
• 关键词: Development; Acoustical; Oceanographic; Techniques

My program of research is focused on instrument development and applications in underwater acoustics. Developments in this area are important because acoustic methods are the only means that allow underwater remote sensing or communication over extended distances (underwater, sound travels many orders-of-magnitude farther than can light or radio waves). Active “sonar” systems are used for mapping and inspecting underwater structures and bottom depths (with resolution ranging from meters to centimeters), and similar systems are used for evaluating the integrity of pipes (from the inside). Precision calibrated systems are used for undertaking fisheries surveys, and a variety of systems are important for defense related purposes. Passive systems that only listen are used for intruder monitoring, leak detection, biological observations, and monitoring of marine mammals. In Canada there are manufacturers of sonar equipment centered on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. These manufacturers, Government Departments of Fisheries and Oceans, Natural Resources, and National Defense, as well as many industrial users, all have a need for graduates with specialty skills in acoustic systems and applications. The specific area of focus in this proposal is the development and application of Doppler sonar systems which allow measurement of water velocities over a range of depths from a single instrument position using signal processing that is similar to that used in police radar. This research program will apply existing commercial Doppler systems to new applications and develop new systems for use where existing technology is not suitable. One component of the program will use observations from a commercial Doppler system to analyze water velocities in sites where deep-water corals occur (at depths beyond 500 m off the coast of Labrador). Commercial Doppler systems normally exclude signals that are scattered from fish, but by using an analysis method that we developed, it is possible to extract both fish swimming velocity and water velocity at the same time. This capability is being developed to provide fisheries regulators and researchers with information on the movement of fish populations. Another component of this research program involves the development of a new sonar system to measure turbulent velocity profiles where the small scales of motion make existing measurement systems unsuitable. Turbulence is important from a research perspective because it is responsible for mixing of different ocean water types. At this time there is also interest in ocean turbulence from the perspective of a new industry that is developing turbines that convert tidal motion into electrical power. Knowledge of turbulent velocities is critical to allow the design of safe and efficient generating turbines.

我的研究计划主要集中在水下声学的仪器开发和应用。这一领域的发展很重要，因为声学方法是能够进行远距离水下遥感或通信的唯一手段（在水下，声音传播的距离比光波或无线电波远许多数量级）。主动“声纳”系统用于测绘和检查水下结构和海底深度（分辨率从米到厘米不等），类似的系统用于评估管道的完整性（从内部）。精确校准的系统用于进行渔业调查，各种系统对国防相关目的很重要。被动系统只听用于入侵者监测，泄漏检测，生物观测和海洋哺乳动物的监测。在加拿大有声纳设备制造商集中在大西洋和太平洋海岸。这些制造商，渔业和海洋，自然资源和国防的政府部门，以及许多工业用户，都需要在声学系统和应用专业技能的毕业生。本提案的具体重点领域是多普勒声纳系统的开发和应用，这种系统可以利用类似于警用雷达所用的信号处理，从单一仪器位置测量一定深度范围内的水流速度。这项研究计划将把现有的商用多普勒系统应用于新的应用，并开发新的系统，用于现有技术不适合的地方。该方案的一个组成部分将利用商业多普勒系统的观测结果，分析深水珊瑚出现地点（拉布拉多海岸500米以上深处）的水流速度。商业多普勒系统通常排除从鱼散射的信号，但通过使用我们开发的分析方法，可以同时提取鱼的游泳速度和水的速度。目前正在发展这一能力，以便向渔业管理人员和研究人员提供关于鱼类种群移动的信息。 该研究计划的另一个组成部分涉及开发一种新的声纳系统，用于测量湍流速度剖面，其中小尺度的运动使现有的测量系统不适用。从研究的角度来看，湍流很重要，因为它是不同海洋水类型混合的原因。在这个时候，也有兴趣在海洋湍流的角度来看，一个新的行业，正在开发涡轮机，转换为电力潮汐运动。湍流速度的知识对于设计安全高效的发电涡轮机至关重要。