Development of Acoustical Oceanographic Techniques

声学海洋学技术的发展

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06764
• 负责人: Zedel, Leonard
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=739092
• 关键词: Development; Acoustical; Oceanographic; Techniques

My program of research is focused on instrument development and applications in underwater acoustics. Developments in this area are important because acoustic methods are the only means that allow underwater remote sensing or communication over extended distances (underwater, sound travels many orders-of-magnitude farther than can light or radio waves). Active "sonar" systems are used for mapping and inspecting underwater structures and bottom depths (with resolution ranging from meters to centimeters), and similar systems are used for evaluating the integrity of pipes (from the inside). Precision calibrated systems are used for undertaking fisheries surveys, and a variety of systems are important for defense related purposes. Passive systems that only listen are used for intruder monitoring, leak detection, biological observations, and monitoring of marine mammals. In Canada there are manufacturers of sonar equipment centered on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. These manufacturers, Government Departments of Fisheries and Oceans, Natural Resources, and National Defense, as well as many industrial users, all have a need for graduates with specialty skills in acoustic systems and applications. The specific area of focus in this proposal is the development and application of Doppler sonar systems which allow measurement of water velocities over a range of depths from a single instrument position using signal processing that is similar to that used in police radar. This research program will apply existing commercial Doppler systems to new applications and develop new systems for use where existing technology is not suitable. One component of the program will use observations from a commercial Doppler system to analyze water velocities in sites where deep-water corals occur (at depths beyond 500 m off the coast of Labrador). Commercial Doppler systems normally exclude signals that are scattered from fish, but by using an analysis method that we developed, it is possible to extract both fish swimming velocity and water velocity at the same time. This capability is being developed to provide fisheries regulators and researchers with information on the movement of fish populations. Another component of this research program involves the development of a new sonar system to measure turbulent velocity profiles where the small scales of motion make existing measurement systems unsuitable. Turbulence is important from a research perspective because it is responsible for mixing of different ocean water types. At this time there is also interest in ocean turbulence from the perspective of a new industry that is developing turbines that convert tidal motion into electrical power. Knowledge of turbulent velocities is critical to allow the design of safe and efficient generating turbines.

我的研究方向是水声仪器的开发和应用。这一领域的发展很重要，因为声学方法是实现水下遥感或远距离通信的唯一手段（在水下，声音的传播距离比光波或无线电波远许多个数量级）。主动“声纳”系统用于绘制和检查水下结构和底部深度（分辨率从米到厘米不等），类似的系统用于评估管道的完整性（从内部）。精密校准系统用于进行渔业调查，各种系统对于国防相关目的都很重要。被动系统只能监听，用于入侵者监控、泄漏检测、生物观察和海洋哺乳动物监测。在加拿大，声纳设备的制造商集中在大西洋和太平洋沿岸。这些制造商、渔业和海洋、自然资源和国防政府部门以及许多工业用户都需要具有声学系统和应用专业技能的毕业生。这项建议的具体重点领域是多普勒声纳系统的发展和应用，该系统可以使用类似于警用雷达使用的信号处理方法，从单一仪器位置测量一系列深度上的水速。这项研究计划将把现有的商业多普勒系统应用到新的应用中，并为现有技术不适合的地方开发新的系统。该计划的一个组成部分将使用商业多普勒系统的观测结果来分析深水珊瑚出现的地点（拉布拉多海岸500米以上的深度）的水速。商用多普勒系统通常会排除来自鱼类的散射信号，但通过使用我们开发的分析方法，可以同时提取鱼的游动速度和水流速度。目前正在发展这种能力，以便向渔业管理人员和研究人员提供有关鱼类种群流动的信息。这项研究计划的另一个组成部分涉及开发一种新的声纳系统来测量湍流速度剖面，在这种情况下，小尺度的运动使现有的测量系统不适合。从研究的角度来看，湍流很重要，因为它负责混合不同类型的海水。目前，从一个新兴产业的角度来看，人们对海洋湍流也很感兴趣，该产业正在开发将潮汐运动转化为电能的涡轮机。紊流速度的知识对于设计安全高效的发电涡轮机至关重要。