Ion transport in natural and engineered membranes: implications for pollutant analysis, toxicity and remediation

天然膜和工程膜中的离子传输：对污染物分析、毒性和修复的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04826
• 负责人: Smith, Scott
• 金额: $ 3.79万
• 依托单位: Wilfrid Laurier University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=717427
• 关键词: Ion; transport; natural; engineered; membranes

Water contains dissolved ions, which are charged atoms or molecules. For survival organisms need to be able to transport some beneficial ions into their cells, and dispose of toxic ones. It is the biological membranes in aquatic organisms that interface with water and control the transport of dissolved ions to/from the interior of cells. The normal transport across membranes ensures healthy organisms, but if this transport is interrupted toxicity can result. Similarly, engineered membranes can be used to clean waters by excluding pollutants. Understanding the transport of ions across membranes will allow for appropriate protection of aquatic life, but also experimental insights will allow for engineering of membranes for specific contaminant remediation, or even selective and sensitive detection of contaminant ions. To this end, this research proposal is divided into three parts: toxicity, analysis and remediation. TOXICITY. In earlier work in my lab, gill cells were obtained directly from fish to study metal ion transport. This proposed research program will instead investigate cultured cells from continuous cell lines. There is a suggestion that such cell lines might replace animal testing for the assessment of pollutant toxicity. For such testing to be acceptable it is necessary to assess if cell-line derived cells behave chemically similarly to primary cultures. ANALYSIS. In my lab membranes have been used to construct ion selective electrodes for analysis of specific metal ions. Such electrodes include an ionophore (ion-loving compound) that selectively binds only the metal ion of interest. As a new monitoring tool, I propose to build ion-selective membranes into monitoring devices. Replacing membranes in existing monitoring devices with an ion-selective membrane will remove any ambiguity in what species are measured and could revolutionize membrane-based monitoring methods and allow for their wide-spread acceptance for contaminants monitoring. REMEDIATION. Elevated concentrations of phosphate (a negatively charged ion) in surface waters can cause negative impacts, but if the phosphate can be separated it can be recovered as a valuable fertilizer product. Existing wastewater treatment methods result in a high phosphate sludge. The use of membranes to remove phosphate to generate chemically pure fertilizer from wastewater sludge will be explored. If an electric potential is applied to the sludge, the ions will migrate with negative ions moving to the positive electrode. To ensure that the recovery solution include only phosphate a phosphate selective membrane will be used between the treated solids and the receiving electrode. SUMMARY. The research program will be a combination of fundamental studies and applications and provide great learning and training opportunities as well as generating practical solutions to toxicological, analytical and remediation issues in water management.

水含有溶解的离子，这些离子是带电的原子或分子。 为了生存，生物体需要能够将一些有益的离子输送到它们的细胞中，并处理有毒的离子。它是水生生物中的生物膜，与水接触并控制溶解离子进出细胞内部的运输。 正常的跨膜运输确保了健康的生物体，但如果这种运输中断，可能会导致毒性。 类似地，工程膜可用于通过排除污染物来清洁沃茨。了解跨膜离子的运输将允许适当的保护水生生物，但也实验的见解将允许工程膜的特定污染物的补救，甚至选择性和敏感的检测污染物离子。 为此，本研究建议分为毒性、分析和修复三个部分。 毒性 在我实验室的早期工作中，鳃细胞直接从鱼中获得，以研究金属离子的运输。 这项拟议的研究计划将转而研究来自连续细胞系的培养细胞。 有人建议，这种细胞系可能会取代动物试验来评估污染物的毒性。 为使此类试验可接受，有必要评估细胞系衍生细胞的化学行为是否与原代培养物相似。 分析. 在我的实验室，膜已被用于构建离子选择性电极，用于分析特定的金属离子。 这样的电极包括离子载体（亲离子化合物），其选择性地仅结合感兴趣的金属离子。 作为一种新的监测工具，我建议建立离子选择性膜监测装置。 用离子选择性膜取代现有监测设备中的膜将消除测量什么物种的任何模糊性，并可能彻底改变基于膜的监测方法，并使其广泛接受污染物监测。 补救。 地表沃茨中磷酸盐（一种带负电荷的离子）浓度升高会造成负面影响，但如果磷酸盐可以分离，它可以作为有价值的肥料产品回收。现有的废水处理方法导致高磷酸盐污泥。 将探索使用膜去除磷酸盐以从废水污泥中产生化学纯肥料。 如果向污泥施加电势，则离子将随着负离子迁移到正电极。 为了确保回收溶液仅包括磷酸盐，将在经处理的固体和接收电极之间使用磷酸盐选择性膜。 摘要该研究计划将是基础研究和应用的结合，并提供很好的学习和培训机会，以及产生水管理中的毒理学，分析和修复问题的实用解决方案。