Procedural Creation and Real-time Display of Realistic Complex Scenes

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The key elements to realistic image synthesis need to handle the representation of scene geometry, its individual/combined textures and reflectance properties, and how emitted and incident light travels through it. High-quality offline rendering, often based on Monte Carlo Path Tracing, solves well the related problems, but at the cost of thousands of hours of computations and gigabytes of memory space. However, many applications requiring real-time realistic display must handle these elements all together with some form of pre-filtering appearances at different scales. We introduce hierarchical texture/surface/volume methods for real-time rendering. They are constructed on variations of regular shell maps and gigavoxels, providing new innovative approximations within volume elements to visual phenomena critical to appearance, while guaranteeing a one-structure query per pixel or per ray. This research program dives into these representations and integrates them well with today's GPU facilities. These methods and structures are also combined with intuitive controls for artists and scientists to generate credible and coherent complex worlds.