Brain Function and Real-World Choice and Effectiveness of Intrapersonal and Social Forms of Emotion Regulation

在我们的日常生活中，我们自己调节情绪（即，在个人内部），在其他人的帮助下（即，情绪的社会调节），并通过两者的结合。然而，研究的重点是自我策略。最近，人们对情绪的社会调节产生了兴趣。尽管这两种形式的情绪调节都可以成功地减少负面情绪，但它们可能以不同的方式实现这一目标。拟议研究计划的长期目标是更好地了解情绪调节的社会形式如何适应情绪调节的传统框架。 情绪的社会调节理论指出，当处理压力源时，人们消耗的能量较少（例如，较少的神经激活）。情绪调节的自我形式倾向于激活与抑制情绪冲动有关的神经区域（即，认知控制网络）。相反，情绪调节的社会形式（例如，物理接触）使这些神经区域失活。然而，研究还没有直接比较自我和社会形式的情绪调节，这是需要验证和充分表征其共享和独特的神经机制。 我的学员和我打算澄清哪些神经网络是理解社交和自我认知（例如，认知重新评价、接受）的情绪调节形式不同。认知重新评价是改变一个人对一种情况的看法，而接受是通过非评价性地观察一个人的情绪和思想的上升和消失而“偏离”它们。在研究1中，我们将测试一个修改后的社会调节的情绪手持任务，提高生态效度。手持任务以前使用标准化的刺激。在这个修改后的任务中，参与者将创建关于自己的负面信念的个性化刺激。在研究2.1中，我们将使用这个任务来比较情绪的自我调节和社会调节过程中的大脑功能。在研究2.2中，我们将研究两种类型的情绪调节如何同时改变神经激活模式。我们将比较当典型的自我认知策略单独进行时与当它们与握手同时进行时的大脑功能。在研究3中，我们将研究研究2.1和2.2中确定的神经网络是否在人们如何调节日常生活中的情绪中发挥作用。我们将测试这些神经网络中的个体差异是否与以下因素有关：（1）更频繁地使用社交策略和自我策略;（2）从社交策略和自我策略中受益更多。 研究结果将在情绪调节领域取得进展，并对亲密关系如何改善幸福感产生影响。HQP将接受神经科学概念，方法和分析技能的培训。这些成果将支持加拿大作为神经科学领导者的声誉。

In our daily lives, we regulate emotions on our own (i.e., intrapersonally), with the help of other people (i.e., social regulation of emotion), and through a combination of the two. However, research disproportionally focuses on intrapersonal strategies. Recently, interest in the social regulation of emotion has been emerging. Even though both forms of emotion regulation may successfully decrease negative emotion, they may do so in meaningfully different ways. The long-term goal of the proposed research program is to better understand how social forms of emotion regulation fit into traditional frameworks of emotion regulation. A social regulation of emotion theory states that when dealing with stressors, people expend less energy (e.g., less neural activation) when in the company of other people. Intrapersonal forms of emotion regulation tend to activate neural areas related to inhibiting emotional impulses (i.e., the cognitive control network). In contrast, social forms of emotion regulation (e.g., physical touch) deactivate these neural areas. Studies though have yet to directly compare intrapersonal and social forms of emotion regulation, which is needed to verify and fully characterize their shared and distinct neural mechanisms. My trainees and I intend to clarify which neural network(s) is key to understanding how social and intrapersonal (e.g., cognitive reappraisal, acceptance) forms of emotion regulation differ. Cognitive reappraisal is changing how one thinks about a situation, and acceptance is “decentering” from one's emotions and thoughts by nonevaluatively observing them as they rise and pass. In Study 1, we will test a modified social regulation of emotion handholding task that enhances ecological validity. Handholding tasks have previously used standardized stimuli. In this modified task, participants will create personalized stimuli of negative beliefs about themselves. In Study 2.1, we will use this task to compare brain function during intrapersonal versus social regulation of emotion. In Study 2.2, we will examine how doing both types of emotion regulation simultaneously changes neural activation patterns. We will compare brain function when typically intrapersonal strategies are conducted on their own versus when they are conducted concurrently with handholding. In Study 3, we will examine whether neural network(s) identified in Studies 2.1 and 2.2 play a role in how people regulate their emotions in daily life. We will test whether individual differences in these neural networks are related to: (1) using social versus intrapersonal strategies more often; and (2) benefiting more from social versus intrapersonal strategies. Findings will make advancements in the field of emotion regulation and have implications for how close relationships improve well-being. HQP will be trained in neuroscience conceptual, methodological, and analytical skills. These outcomes will support Canada's reputation as a leader in neuroscience.