Identifying geohazards in glaciated valleys and building rural community resilience via bare-earth point cloud analysis and eco-sensitive mitigation

在世界范围内，以前冰川峡谷的山体滑坡和泥石流造成了数千人死亡。气候变化、野火和土地干扰(例如道路建设)增加了地质灾害的发生及其影响。暴露在地质灾害中的农村社区、原住民社区和个人往往缺乏应对地质灾害的能力，但有机会通过适当设计和实施对生态敏感的缓解技术来提高复原力。我的长期研究目标是继续我过去的活动，以减少地质灾害的危害。在接下来的五年里，研究工作将集中在1)提高我们识别潜在泥石流或滑坡地点的能力，以及2)为资源有限的农村社区开发新的生态敏感的地质灾害减灾解决方案。拟议的研究建立在我在岩坡地质灾害评估和缓解方面的丰富经验基础上。它还利用远程驾驶飞机系统(RPA)开发的技能，用于现场数据收集和裸露地球点云数据的地理空间分析。利用机器学习工具开发的专门技术应用于矿山和岩质边坡的稳定性分析，可以应用于冰川峡谷的地质灾害。拟议研究的短期目标是：1)探讨人类活动和气候变化对地貌的干扰(如道路建设或森林火灾)与引发山体滑坡和泥石流之间的相互作用，重点是冰川阶地沉积物中发生的特殊地质和地下水条件。2)评估人类活动或自然原因对地表和地下水流造成的以前被忽视和似乎微不足道的干扰的影响，这些干扰随后会引发滑坡或泥石流。3)利用裸露地球点云数据中前所未有的详细程度，使用依赖于机器学习、算法培训和现场验证的多因素方法，确定山谷沿线以前未识别的地质灾害位置。4)为这些地质灾害制定具有成本效益和环境可持续的减灾方法。缓解工作的重点将是更好的排水，以及对生态敏感的泥石流偏转护堤设计，以保护暴露在地质灾害中的个人和农村社区。

World wide there have been thousands of fatalities caused by landslides and debris flows in previously glaciated valleys. Climate change, wildfires, and land disturbances (e.g., road construction) increase the occurrence of geohazards and their impacts. Rural communities, First Nations communities, and individuals exposed to the geohazards are often ill-equipped to respond to the geohazards, yet there are opportunities to enhance resiliency via appropriately designed and implemented eco-sensitive mitigation techniques. My long term research goal is to continue my past activities to reduce harm from geohazards. For the next five years, the research effort will concentrate on 1) improving our ability to identify potential debris flow or landslide locations and 2) developing new eco-sensitive geohazard mitigation solutions for rural communities with limited resources. The proposed research builds upon my extensive experience with rock slope geohazard assessments and mitigation. It also leverages skills developed with remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) for data collection in the field, and geospatial analysis of bare-earth point cloud data. Knowhow developed with machine learning tools applied to stability analyses for mines and rock slopes can be applied to geohazards in glaciated valleys. The short term objectives of the proposed research are to 1)Explore the interactions between human and climate change disturbances on the landscape (e.g., road construction or forest fires) and the triggering of landslides and debris flows with a focus on the particular geological and groundwater conditions that occur in glacial terrace deposits. 2)Assess the impact of previously ignored and seemingly insignificant disturbances to surface and subsurface flow from human activities or natural causes that subsequently trigger landslides or debris flows. 3)Exploit unprecedented levels of detail in bare-earth point cloud data to identify previously unrecognized geohazard locations along valleys using a multi-factor approach that relies on machine learning, algorithm training, and field verification. 4)Develop cost-effective and environmentally sustainable mitigation methods for these geohazards. The mitigation efforts will be focused on better water drainage plus the eco-sensitive design of debris flow deflection berms to protect individuals and rural communities exposed to the geohazards.