Volcanic, structural, and tectonic controls on volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits: Archean to present

火山、构造和构造对火山成因块状硫化物矿床的控制：太古宙至今

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04453
• 负责人: DeWolfe, Yvonne
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Mount Royal University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=739962
• 关键词: Volcanic; structural; tectonic; controls; volcanogenic

Modern and ancient mineral deposits: Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits are ancient copper-, zinc-, lead-, silver-, and gold-rich mineral deposits that form at or just below the seafloor. They form from seafloor hydrothermal venting along mid-ocean ridges, within island arcs, or in back-arc basins, which are areas of rifting that form behind island arcs. These deposits are hosted by ancient to recent volcanic sequences that formed during periods of major ocean closure and associated terrane collision, including the Late Archean (2.8-2.69 Ga), Paleoproterozoic (1.92-1.87 Ga), Cambro-Ordovician (500-450 Ma), Devono-Mississippian (370-340 Ma), and Early Jurassic (200-180 Ma) times. The intra-continental back-arc environment within Archean volcanic sequences of the Northwest Territories (NWT) hosts multiple VMS deposits and features areas of high mineral potential in Canada. Seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits are modern-day equivalents of VMS deposits. SMS deposits associated with active/inactive hydrothermal vent sites have been discovered along the mid-ocean ridge (Central Indian Ridge) of the Indian Ocean. Objectives and scientific approach: My long-term objectives are to determine the relationship between VMS and SMS systems; why a specific volcanic succession contains VMS-type mineralization or is barren; and the role of tectonic setting, volcanic architecture, and facies distribution in both VMS and SMS formation. My short-term objectives are to reconstruct the volcanic, magmatic, hydrothermal, and structural evolution of VMS deposits and their host volcanic sequences in the Arctic of the NWT, and define the volcanic and structural settings of SMS deposits including lithofacies, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization of the Central Indian Ridge. Impact: This research program will advance understanding of the metallogenesis of VMS and SMS deposits, aid in Earth scientists' understanding of ancient and modern plate tectonic settings, where these deposits are concentrated, and bring multiple benefits: 1) it will facilitate the training of HQP, thereby providing the Canadian mining and mineral exploration industry with highly skilled geoscientists, with the goal of providing training to typically underrepresented groups in Canadian mineral exploration, including women, visible minorities, Indigenous Peoples, people with diverse gender identities, and people with disabilities; 2) it will generate new knowledge that will directly impact the Canadian mining and mineral exploration industry responsible for VMS deposit exploration (which historically accounts for considerable Canadian base metal (~30% Cu, ~50% Zn, ~20% Pb) and precious metal (~40% Ag, ~3% Au) production); and 3) it will aid in sustaining northern communities, whose economies are largely dependent on mineral exploration and mining

现代和古代矿床：火山成因块状硫化物（VMS）矿床是在海底或海底下形成的古代富含铜、锌、铅、银和金的矿床。它们是由海底热液沿大洋中脊沿着、岛弧内或岛弧后盆地（岛弧后形成的裂谷区）的喷口形成的。这些矿床由古代到现代的火山序列所承载，这些火山序列是在主要的大洋闭合和相关的古陆碰撞时期形成的，包括晚太古代（2.8-2.69 Ga）、古元古代（1.92-1.87 Ga）、寒武-奥陶纪（500-450 Ma）、泥盆纪-密西西比纪（370-340 Ma）和早侏罗世（200-180 Ma）时代。西北地区（NWT）太古代火山序列内的大陆弧后环境拥有多个VMS矿床，并在加拿大具有高矿产潜力的地区。海底块状硫化物（SMS）矿床是现代VMS矿床的等价物。沿着印度洋洋中脊（中印度洋脊）发现了与活跃/不活跃热液喷口有关的SMS矿床。 目标和科学方法：我的长期目标是确定VMS和SMS系统之间的关系;为什么一个特定的火山序列包含VMS型矿化或贫瘠;以及构造环境，火山建筑和相分布在VMS和SMS形成中的作用。我的短期目标是重建火山，岩浆，热液和构造演化的VMS存款和他们的主机火山序列在北极的西北地区，并确定火山和构造环境的SMS存款，包括岩相，热液蚀变，和矿化的中印度洋脊。 影响：这项研究计划将促进对VMS和SMS矿床成矿作用的理解，帮助地球科学家了解这些矿床集中的古代和现代板块构造环境，并带来多重利益：1）它将促进HQP的培训，从而为加拿大采矿和矿产勘探行业提供高技能的地球科学家，目标是为加拿大矿产勘探中通常代表性不足的群体提供培训，包括妇女，明显的少数民族，土著人民，具有不同性别身份的人和残疾人; 2）它将产生新的知识，将直接影响负责VMS存款勘探的加拿大采矿和矿产勘探行业（历史上占加拿大贱金属（~30% Cu，~50% Zn，~20% Pb）和贵金属的相当大比例）（~40% Ag，~3% Au）产量）; 3）它将有助于维持北方社区，这些社区的经济在很大程度上依赖矿产勘探和开采