Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of the Bone-Implant Interface

皮肤穿透骨锚定植入物用于各种应用，为患者提供巨大的功能益处。在全球范围内，种植牙行业的价值已达到50.8亿美元，种植牙用于替换单牙，较大的假体和全牙弓。自20世纪70年代以来，骨锚式助听器已在全球拥有超过15万用户。此外，骨锚定植入物用于重建眼眶、鼻腔和耳廓区域的面部特征，以及使用腓骨移植物重建颌骨。这些植入物通过称为骨整合的过程依赖于骨-植入物界面的结构完整性。类似的界面完整性概念可以应用于自然界面，例如天然牙齿的骨-韧带-牙齿复合体。在这种情况下，界面是牙周韧带（PDL），它连接牙根和周围的骨头。据估计，2015年加拿大在牙科服务上的支出达到136亿美元。PDL是牙齿健康的重要结构，在牙齿稳定和正畸运动中具有重要作用。无创评估骨锚定种植体和天然牙的界面完整性对于了解这些结构在临床环境中的行为至关重要。对于骨-种植体界面，重要的是规定载荷，确定失败的风险，并监测种植体的长期健康。同样，评估复杂的牙齿-韧带-骨结构对于诊断牙周病、评估创伤后PDL以及了解与正畸治疗相关的变化也很重要。该计划的长期目标是促进对骨锚定种植体和天然牙齿界面组织的机械和生物行为的理解。短期目标将集中在：1：评估用于颅面重建和牙科种植体的种植体中骨种植体界面的骨整合O2：评估天然牙齿中PDL的完整性O3：分析建模方法的验证所提出的方法使用机械生物系统与分析模型相结合的碰撞过程中的加速度测量。采用数值分析方法，将实验测量与模型相结合，估算界面特性。分析模型是通过实验室测试开发的，并进一步用真实的患者数据进行评估。这些模型将通过详细的有限元模型和破坏性力学试验进行验证。该研究项目将为相关问题提供有价值的见解，例如种植体加载的适当时间表，种植体失败的检测以及牙齿稳定性各个阶段的评估。该方法的验证将加强该技术的实用性，同时为进一步的研究提供坚实的基础。

Skin-penetrating bone-anchored implants are used in a variety of applications to provide tremendous functional benefits to patients. Globally, the dental implant industry has been valued at 5.08 billion USD where implants are used for replacing single teeth, for larger prostheses, and for full dental arches. Bone-anchored-hearing-aids have been available since the 1970s with more than 150,000 global users. Further, bone-anchored implants are used to reconstruct facial features in the orbital, nasal, and auricular regions and in jaw reconstruction using fibular grafts. These implants rely on the structural integrity of the bone-implant interface through a process called osseointegration. Similar concepts of interface integrity can be applied to natural interfaces, such as the bone-ligament-tooth complex of a natural tooth. In this case, the interface is the periodontal ligament (PDL) which connects the tooth root to the surrounding bone. It is estimated that Canadian expenditures on dental services in 2015 reached $13.6 billion. The PDL is a vital structure in dental health with critical functions in tooth stability and orthodontic movement. Noninvasively evaluating the interface integrity in both bone-anchored implants and natural teeth is critically important to understanding the behaviour of these structures in a clinical setting. For the bone-implant interface, this is important to prescribe loading, identify the risk of failure, and monitor the long-term implant health. Similarly, evaluating the complex tooth-ligament-bone structure is important in diagnosing periodontal disease, assessing the PDL after trauma, and understanding the changes associated with orthodontic treatment. The long-term goal of this program is to advance the understanding of the mechanical and biological behaviour of interface tissues in bone-anchored implants and natural teeth. The short-term objectives will focus on: O1: Evaluating osseointegration at the bone implant interface in implants used for craniofacial reconstruction and dental implants O2: Evaluating the integrity of the PDL in natural teeth O3: Validation of the analytical modeling approach The proposed approach uses an acceleration measurement during an impact with the mechanical biological system combined with an analytical model. Numerical analysis is used to couple the experimental measurement with the model to estimate the interface properties. The analytical models are developed through laboratory testing and further evaluated with real patient data. The models will be validated through detailed finite element models and destructive mechanical testing. This research program will provide valuable insight into relevant questions such as appropriate timelines for implant loading, detection of implant failure, and assessment of various stages of tooth stability. The validation of the approach will strengthen the utility of the technique while providing a strong foundation for further research.