Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of the Bone-Implant Interface

穿透性骨锚固植入物应用于多种领域，为患者提供了巨大的功能益处。在全球范围内，牙科植入物行业的价值已达50.8亿美元，其中植入物被用于更换单个牙齿、更大的修复体和完整的牙弓。骨锚式助听器自20世纪70年代问世以来，全球用户已超过15万人。此外，骨锚固植入物被用于重建眼眶、鼻部和耳部的面部特征，以及使用腓骨移植物进行颌骨重建。这些种植体通过一种称为骨整合的过程依赖于骨-种植体界面的结构完整性。类似的界面完整性概念也可以应用于自然界面，如天然牙齿的骨-韧带-牙齿复合体。在这种情况下，界面是牙周膜(PDL)，它连接牙根和周围的骨骼。据估计，加拿大2015年在牙科服务上的支出达到136亿美元。牙周膜是牙齿健康的重要结构，在牙齿稳定和正畸移动中起着重要作用。无创性地评估骨锚固种植体和天然牙的界面完整性对于了解这些结构在临床环境中的行为至关重要。对于骨-种植体界面，这是重要的处方负荷，识别失败的风险，并监测长期种植体健康。同样，评估复杂的牙齿-韧带-骨结构对于诊断牙周病、评估创伤后的牙周病和了解与正畸治疗相关的变化也很重要。该计划的长期目标是促进对骨锚固种植体和天然牙界面组织的力学和生物学行为的理解。短期目标将集中在：O1：评估用于颅面重建和牙科植入物的种植体界面处的骨整合O2：评估天然牙齿中PDL的完整性臭氧：分析建模方法的验证所提出的方法使用机械生物系统与分析模型相结合的碰撞过程中的加速度测量。采用数值分析的方法，将实验测量结果与模型相结合，估算了界面性质。分析模型是通过实验室测试开发的，并用真实患者数据进行了进一步评估。模型将通过详细的有限元模型和破坏性力学测试进行验证。这项研究计划将为相关问题提供有价值的见解，如种植体加载的合适时间线，种植体失败的检测，以及牙齿稳定性的各个阶段的评估。该方法的验证将加强该技术的实用性，同时为进一步的研究提供坚实的基础。

Skin-penetrating bone-anchored implants are used in a variety of applications to provide tremendous functional benefits to patients. Globally, the dental implant industry has been valued at 5.08 billion USD where implants are used for replacing single teeth, for larger prostheses, and for full dental arches. Bone-anchored-hearing-aids have been available since the 1970s with more than 150,000 global users. Further, bone-anchored implants are used to reconstruct facial features in the orbital, nasal, and auricular regions and in jaw reconstruction using fibular grafts. These implants rely on the structural integrity of the bone-implant interface through a process called osseointegration. Similar concepts of interface integrity can be applied to natural interfaces, such as the bone-ligament-tooth complex of a natural tooth. In this case, the interface is the periodontal ligament (PDL) which connects the tooth root to the surrounding bone. It is estimated that Canadian expenditures on dental services in 2015 reached $13.6 billion. The PDL is a vital structure in dental health with critical functions in tooth stability and orthodontic movement. Noninvasively evaluating the interface integrity in both bone-anchored implants and natural teeth is critically important to understanding the behaviour of these structures in a clinical setting. For the bone-implant interface, this is important to prescribe loading, identify the risk of failure, and monitor the long-term implant health. Similarly, evaluating the complex tooth-ligament-bone structure is important in diagnosing periodontal disease, assessing the PDL after trauma, and understanding the changes associated with orthodontic treatment. The long-term goal of this program is to advance the understanding of the mechanical and biological behaviour of interface tissues in bone-anchored implants and natural teeth. The short-term objectives will focus on: O1: Evaluating osseointegration at the bone implant interface in implants used for craniofacial reconstruction and dental implants O2: Evaluating the integrity of the PDL in natural teeth O3: Validation of the analytical modeling approach The proposed approach uses an acceleration measurement during an impact with the mechanical biological system combined with an analytical model. Numerical analysis is used to couple the experimental measurement with the model to estimate the interface properties. The analytical models are developed through laboratory testing and further evaluated with real patient data. The models will be validated through detailed finite element models and destructive mechanical testing. This research program will provide valuable insight into relevant questions such as appropriate timelines for implant loading, detection of implant failure, and assessment of various stages of tooth stability. The validation of the approach will strengthen the utility of the technique while providing a strong foundation for further research.