Response and resiliency of rivers and streams to natural and anthropogenic stressors

河流和溪流对自然和人为压力源的响应和恢复力

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04942
• 负责人: Binns, Andrew
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=740302
• 关键词: Response; resiliency; rivers; streams; natural

Rivers and streams are very sensitive to changes in discharge conditions resulting from natural disturbances (such as seasonal variation in flow regime) and anthropogenic stressors (such as flow regulation, river engineering and stream modification projects). Complex interactions between stream hydraulics and sediment transport result in morphological adjustments in rivers where the stream bed and banks undergo processes of erosion and deposition. These morphological adjustments can be very substantial, resulting in rivers and streams that migrate across the floodplain and erode considerable amount of land. Such large-scale morphological adjustments can have severe short- and long-term consequences to flood hazard, ecosystem health and the downstream transport of pollutants. It is imperative to be able to predict the nature of the morphologic and hydraulic response of rivers and streams to natural and anthropogenic stressors in order to design engineering solutions and management plans to minimize such adverse impacts. The goal of this research is to investigate the response and resiliency of alluvial rivers and streams to natural disturbances and anthropogenic stressors through a series of laboratory and field-based investigations. The research undertaken within this program will use state-of-the-art infrastructure and equipment to assess the effect of the planform morphology of meandering streams on their stability, characterize the nature of sediment transport in complex riverine environments, and evaluate the effect of river engineering and stream modifications on natural hydraulic and morphologic processes occurring in the stream. This research is important to river engineers and hydrologists who design remediation measures to restore degraded rivers and streams, numerical modellers who require fundamental insight into the morphological and hydraulic response to complex discharge conditions, and watershed managers and land-use planners who seek to balance ecological, social and economic functions of river systems to ensure sustainable management of surface water systems. This research will result in the development of new knowledge of fundamental hydraulic and morphologic processes in alluvial rivers and streams and provide a greater understanding of the specific morphologic and hydraulic factors and drivers responsible for alterations to riverine processes. Results from this research will also assist in developing improved guidelines for river engineering and stream restoration projects in Canada and contribute to regulatory guidelines such as Ontario's Stream Restoration Manual and the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks Stormwater Management Planning and Design Manual. The development of a greater understanding of the response and resiliency of rivers and streams to natural and anthropogenic stressors will lead to more sustainable management of the riverine environment.

河流和溪流对自然干扰(如流态的季节性变化)和人为压力(如流量调节、河流工程和溪流改造工程)引起的流量条件变化非常敏感。河流水力学和泥沙运动之间的复杂相互作用导致河床和河岸经历侵蚀和淤积过程的河流形态调整。这些形态调整可能是非常重大的，导致河流和溪流在泛滥平原上流动，侵蚀了相当大的土地。这种大规模的形态调整可能会对洪水灾害、生态系统健康和污染物的下游运输产生严重的短期和长期后果。必须能够预测河流和溪流对自然和人为应激源的形态和水力反应的性质，以便设计工程解决方案和管理计划，以最大限度地减少这种不利影响。这项研究的目的是通过一系列实验室和实地调查，调查冲积河流和溪流对自然干扰和人为应激源的反应和恢复能力。在该计划内开展的研究将使用最先进的基础设施和设备来评估蜿蜒河流的平面形态对其稳定性的影响，描述复杂河流环境中泥沙输送的性质，并评估河流工程和河流改造对河流中发生的自然水力和形态过程的影响。这项研究对于设计修复措施以恢复退化的河流和溪流的河流工程师和水文学家、需要对复杂排放条件的形态和水力反应有基本了解的数值模型师、以及寻求平衡河流系统的生态、社会和经济功能以确保地表水系统可持续管理的流域管理者和土地利用规划者来说是重要的。这项研究将对冲积河流和河流的基本水力和形态过程产生新的认识，并使人们更好地了解导致河流过程变化的具体形态和水力因素和驱动因素。这项研究的结果还将有助于制定加拿大河流工程和溪流恢复项目的改进指南，并有助于制定监管指南，如安大略省的溪流恢复手册和安大略省环境、保护和公园部雨水管理规划和设计手册。更好地了解河流和溪流对自然和人为压力的反应和恢复能力，将有助于更可持续地管理河流环境。