Modern and deep-time brachiopods: climate change monitors of ocean warming, acidification and deoxygenation

现代和深海腕足动物：海洋变暖、酸化和脱氧的气候变化监测器

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-05196
• 负责人: Brand, Uwe
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: Brock University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=740444
• 关键词: Modern; deep; time; brachiopods; climate

The proposed research program of the next funding period aims to expand on the existing geochemistry database of modern brachiopods (GDB), and it will provide important additional information about the warming and acidification of the northeast Atlantic, Pacific and Southern Oceans. The modern brachiopods obtained from British Columbia, Atlantic Canada, Chile, Argentina, New Zealand and Antarctica will be invaluable in, a) documenting changes in the degree of ocean acidification over the past 100+ years, b) documenting similar changes in associated ocean warming during that same time, c) assessing the adaptability of brachiopods and some other marine invertebrates to natural ocean acidification and warming, d) modelling changes in climate change of the next century, and e) revealing more details about the oceanographic changes associated with some of the largest past mass extinctions (e.g., end Permian, early Jurassic). Student training will be as hands on as possible to provide them with the greatest acquisition of new and advanced geoscience skills, supplemented by essential technical, analytical and evaluation skill sets. These should serve them well for their future career in professional geoscience or advanced academic study. The brachiopod-based database will be unique in its composition by examining brachiopods from the intertidal to abyssal reaches of the oceans and seas, from warm tropical to cold polar settings, from low to high latitudes. Coupled with their wide geographic and geologic distribution and resistance to diagenetic alteration they will be novel monitors of oceanographic change and of Earth-changing climate events. A new and novel prospect is the potential of brachiopods to track changes in not only ocean temperature and pH but also of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane. This totally new information may be an important supplement or invaluable complement to the results from the open-ocean time-series at Bermuda (BATS), Hawaii (HOT), New Zealand (Munida), and others (most are limited to results for just the past 30-40 years), or information gathered by Department of Fisheries personnel at light stations along the coasts of Canada. Our in- and near-shore oceanic information is important because it extends the time series information into the early 1900's and sometimes beyond that to 120+ years. Also, the modern database of over 3000+ results should be of interest in providing baseline oceanographic parameters for the 20th century, from well before the open-ocean ARGO system of oceanographic data collection was started. Furthermore, our mostly in- and near-shore data should provide important oceanographic insight to the fish stock management industries along the west and east coasts of Canada. Documentation of ocean warming and acidification along the two coast lines will be of extreme importance to the sport and commercial fish industries and the economy of Canada.

下一个资助期拟议的研究计划旨在扩大现有的现代腕足动物(GDB)地球化学数据库，并将提供关于东北大西洋、太平洋和南大洋变暖和酸化的重要补充信息。从不列颠哥伦比亚省、大西洋加拿大、智利、阿根廷、新西兰和南极洲获得的现代腕足类将在以下方面发挥宝贵作用：a)记录过去100多年来海洋酸化程度的变化，b)记录同一时期与之相关的海洋变暖的类似变化，c)评估腕足类和其他一些海洋无脊椎动物对自然海洋酸化和变暖的适应性，d)对下个世纪的气候变化进行模拟，e)揭示与过去一些最大的物种灭绝(如二叠纪末、侏罗纪早期)有关的海洋变化的更多细节。学生培训将尽可能亲身实践，为他们提供最大限度地获得新的和先进的地球科学技能，并辅之以基本的技术、分析和评估技能。这些应该对他们未来在专业地球科学或高级学术研究方面的职业生涯有很好的帮助。以腕足类为基础的数据库将通过研究从潮间带到深海的腕足类动物，从温暖的热带到寒冷的极地环境，从低纬度到高纬度，来研究腕足类的组成。再加上它们广泛的地理和地质分布以及对成岩蚀变的抵抗力，它们将成为海洋变化和地球变化气候事件的新监测器。一个新的和新的前景是腕足动物不仅有可能跟踪海洋温度和pH的变化，而且还有可能跟踪大气中二氧化碳和甲烷的变化。这一全新的信息可能是对百慕大(BATS)、夏威夷(HOT)、新西兰(Munida)和其他国家(大多数仅限于过去30-40年的结果)的公海时间序列结果的重要补充或宝贵补充，或者是渔业部人员在加拿大沿海光站收集的信息。我们的近岸和近岸海洋信息是重要的，因为它将时间序列信息延伸到1900‘S早期，有时延伸到120多年。此外，包含3000多项结果的现代数据库应该有兴趣提供20世纪的基线海洋学参数，从远在公海ARGO海洋数据收集系统开始之前就开始了。此外，我们的主要是近岸和近海的数据应该会为加拿大西海岸和东海岸的鱼类种群管理行业提供重要的海洋学见解。记录两条海岸线上的海洋变暖和酸化将对加拿大的体育和商业渔业以及经济具有极其重要的意义。