Parent-Child Cardiac Convergence During Distress: Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Mechanisms of Early Childhood Regulatory Processes

遇险期间亲子心脏趋同：幼儿期调节过程的纵向和横向机制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-07140
• 负责人: PillaiRiddell, Rebecca
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=741619
• 关键词: Parent; Child; Cardiac; Convergence; During

Negative affect regulation is one's ability to calm down from distressing events. Understanding the developmental processes subsuming negative affect regulation is important because it predicts many different health outcomes later in life. For example, about 75% of serious mental health disorders relate to challenges with regulating emotions. The second year of life is an important age to study in the developmental pathway of negative affect regulation because this is the first year infants have reliable strategies to regulate from distress. Because the second year of life may be when malleability of regulatory strategies is especially high, this program of research will be especially informative to understanding developmental mechanisms and then creating preventative interventions for children who show early challenges with being able to calm down from highly distressing situations. The current program of research continues a program of research examining how 12-24 month old toddlers calm down after a highly distressing event- vaccination needle. The original program of research (Discovery Grant 2015-2020) successfully followed healthy toddlers through over 400 unique vaccination appointments at 12-, 18-, and 24-months of age. This project examined both behavioural and cardiac patterns in response to a painful and highly distressing stimulus (needle) both within the vaccination appointment and over the course of the year. Having comprehensively described negative affect regulatory patterns, both behaviourally and physiologically,  the renewal program of research strives to take the next leap forward. Our proposed project examines a key factor impacting how a child's negative affect regulation patterns develop during this sensitive period. This renewal grant sets out to investigate the impact of parent-child physiological attunement (i.e. how similar a parent's and child's pattern of regulating from high distress are). In essence, we are interested in studying parent-child attunement in how they react to and regulate from a highly distressing context directly after a painful stimulus; determining whether parent-child attunement predicts toddler negative affect regulation longitudinally; and finally, examining if the mechanisms underlying attunement's impact on toddler negative affect regulation are parent appraisals (i.e. how distressed the toddler is) and their resultant behaviours (i.e. soothing behaviours). We assert this program of research will be highly influential as it marks the first time in the literature, attunement has been studied in a natural context, has been studied longitudinally, and has been studied to discern the mechanisms by which attunement actually impacts toddler negative affect regulation.

消极情绪调节是一个人从痛苦事件中冷静下来的能力。理解包含负面影响调节的发育过程很重要，因为它预测了以后生活中许多不同的健康结果。例如，大约75%的严重精神健康障碍与调节情绪的挑战有关。2岁是研究消极情绪调节发育途径的重要年龄，因为这是婴儿具有可靠的调节痛苦策略的第一年。因为生命的第二年可能是调节策略的可塑性特别高的时候，这个研究项目将特别有助于了解发展机制，然后为那些表现出早期挑战的儿童创造预防性干预措施，这些儿童无法从高度痛苦的情况中冷静下来。目前的研究项目继续进行一项研究项目，研究12-24个月大的幼儿在经历了非常痛苦的事件——注射疫苗针后如何平静下来。最初的研究项目（探索基金2015-2020）成功地跟踪了健康的幼儿，在12、18和24个月大的时候进行了400多次独特的疫苗接种预约。该项目检查了在接种疫苗期间和一年中对疼痛和高度痛苦刺激（针）的反应的行为和心脏模式。全面描述了负面影响的调节模式，从行为上和生理上，研究的更新计划努力采取下一个飞跃。我们提出的项目研究了影响儿童在这个敏感时期如何发展消极影响调节模式的关键因素。这项续期拨款旨在调查亲子生理协调的影响（即父母和孩子在高度痛苦中的调节模式有多相似）。从本质上讲，我们感兴趣的是研究亲子协调，即他们如何在痛苦刺激后直接对高度痛苦的环境做出反应和调节；亲子调适对幼儿负性情绪调节的纵向预测最后，研究调节对幼儿负面情绪调节的潜在影响机制是否为父母评价（即幼儿有多痛苦）及其产生的行为（即安抚行为）。我们断言这个研究项目将具有高度的影响力，因为它标志着文献中第一次在自然环境中研究调谐，纵向研究，并研究了调谐实际上影响幼儿负面情绪调节的机制。