Sexual selection, conflict and isolation: experimental insight into the population genetic consequences of mate competition and the origin of species
性选择、冲突和隔离:对配偶竞争和物种起源的群体遗传后果的实验洞察
基本信息
- 批准号:RGPIN-2021-03358
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 5.68万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:加拿大
- 项目类别:Discovery Grants Program - Individual
- 财政年份:2021
- 资助国家:加拿大
- 起止时间:2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
In most sexually reproducing species, males compete for access to mates and/or to fertilize their gametes. Such competition is persistent, widespread, and often intense, and it generates the variation in reproductive success that causes sexual selection. Mate competition is also a key reason why selection differs between males and females, and the resulting sexual conflict can lead to the evolution of traits that benefit males but harm females as a by-product. The evolution of extravagant sexual displays, like the peacock's tail, and exaggerated weapons of sexual rivalry, like a buck's antlers, are well-understood consequences of mate competition; such traits evolve because they increase a male's sexual fitness relative to other males. However, through its effects on sexual selection, sexual conflict, and patterns of mating, mate competition has other evolutionary consequences that are poorly understood, yet arguably fundamental. My research seeks a more comprehensive understanding of these, focussing on the evolutionary consequences of mate competition for: i) nonsexual fitness, via its effects on adaptation to novel environments and the purging of harmful mutations; ii) sex-biased gene expression, which underlies the extensive sexual dimorphism and that constitutes a major component of biological diversity; and iii) sexual isolation, a barrier to gene flow between populations that is important to the origin of new species. Working with fruit flies (Drosophila) and other insects, in both the lab and the field, we use a combination of behavioural and fitness assays, and we rely heavily on the power of experimental evolution, enabling us to compare how the evolutionary process unfolds in replicate populations under different mate competition regimes. We give particular attention to the ecology of the mating environment, studying how it alters the evolutionary consequences of mate competition and whether the highly unusual lab environment of Drosophila studies -a model system for work on this topic- may have biased our perspective. We provide manipulative tests of the underlying mechanisms by which ecology alters mate competition and the effects this has on adaptation and purging. We also quantify how sex-biased gene expression evolves in response to manipulations of mate competition and the environment in which this occurs, and how mate competition and its ecology affect speciation. Over 160 years ago, Darwin suggested that, because sexual selection favours the healthiest and most vigorous males, the broader evolutionary consequence of mate competition is increased adaptation. This, it turns out, was too simplistic; mate competition can have complex and environment-dependent effects with a variety of population genetic consequence that include, but are not limited to, adaptation. This work has broad implications for our understanding of fundamental evolutionary processes and how ecology shapes them.
在大多数有性繁殖的物种中,雄性竞争获得配偶和/或使其配子受精。这种竞争是持久的,广泛的,而且往往是激烈的,它产生了导致性选择的生殖成功的变化。配偶竞争也是雄性和雌性之间选择不同的一个关键原因,由此产生的性冲突可能导致有利于雄性但伤害雌性的特性的进化。过度的性展示,如孔雀的尾巴,以及夸张的性竞争武器,如雄鹿的鹿角,都是配偶竞争的结果;这些特征的进化是因为它们增加了雄性相对于其他雄性的性健康。然而,通过它对性选择,性冲突和交配模式的影响,配偶竞争有其他进化后果,这些后果知之甚少,但可以说是根本性的。我的研究旨在更全面地了解这些,重点是配偶竞争的进化后果:i)非性健康,通过其对适应新环境和清除有害突变的影响; ii)性别偏见的基因表达,这是广泛的两性异形的基础,构成了生物多样性的主要组成部分; iii)性隔离,这是种群间基因流动的障碍,对新物种的起源很重要。 与果蝇(果蝇)和其他昆虫一起工作,在实验室和现场,我们使用行为和健身测定的组合,我们在很大程度上依赖于实验进化的力量,使我们能够比较进化过程如何在不同的配偶竞争制度下在复制种群中展开。我们特别关注交配环境的生态学,研究它如何改变配偶竞争的进化后果,以及果蝇研究的极不寻常的实验室环境-这一主题的工作模型系统-是否可能使我们的观点产生偏见。我们提供了生态学改变配偶竞争的潜在机制的操纵性测试,以及这对适应和净化的影响。我们还量化了性别偏见的基因表达如何演变,以应对交配竞争和环境中发生的操纵,以及交配竞争及其生态如何影响物种形成。160多年前,达尔文提出,由于性选择倾向于最健康、最有活力的雄性,配偶竞争的更广泛的进化后果是增加适应。事实证明,这过于简单化了;配偶竞争可以产生复杂的、依赖于环境的影响,并产生各种群体遗传后果,包括但不限于适应。这项工作对我们理解基本的进化过程以及生态学如何塑造它们具有广泛的意义。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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{{ truncateString('Rundle, Howard', 18)}}的其他基金
Sexual selection, conflict and isolation: experimental insight into the population genetic consequences of mate competition and the origin of species
性选择、冲突和隔离:对配偶竞争和物种起源的群体遗传后果的实验洞察
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2021-03358 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 5.68万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Sexual selection and the origin of species: experimental insight into adaptation, the purging of deleterious mutations, and the evolution of sexual isolation
性选择和物种起源:对适应、有害突变的清除和性隔离进化的实验洞察
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-05038 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 5.68万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Sexual selection and the origin of species: experimental insight into adaptation, the purging of deleterious mutations, and the evolution of sexual isolation
性选择和物种起源:对适应、有害突变的清除和性隔离进化的实验洞察
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-05038 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 5.68万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Sexual selection and the origin of species: experimental insight into adaptation, the purging of deleterious mutations, and the evolution of sexual isolation
性选择和物种起源:对适应、有害突变的清除和性隔离进化的实验洞察
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-05038 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 5.68万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Sexual selection and the origin of species: experimental insight into adaptation, the purging of deleterious mutations, and the evolution of sexual isolation
性选择和物种起源:对适应、有害突变的清除和性隔离进化的实验洞察
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-05038 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 5.68万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Sexual selection and the origin of species: experimental insight into adaptation, the purging of deleterious mutations, and the evolution of sexual isolation
性选择和物种起源:对适应、有害突变的清除和性隔离进化的实验洞察
- 批准号:
RGPIN-2016-05038 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 5.68万 - 项目类别:
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Quantitative Genetics
加拿大进化定量遗传学研究主席
- 批准号:
1221604-2010 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 5.68万 - 项目类别:
Canada Research Chairs
Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Quantitative Genetics
加拿大进化定量遗传学研究主席
- 批准号:
1000221604-2010 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 5.68万 - 项目类别:
Canada Research Chairs
Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Quantitative Genetics
加拿大进化定量遗传学研究主席
- 批准号:
1000221604-2010 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 5.68万 - 项目类别:
Canada Research Chairs
Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Quantitative Genetics
加拿大进化定量遗传学研究主席
- 批准号:
1000221604-2010 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 5.68万 - 项目类别:
Canada Research Chairs
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Sexual selection, conflict and isolation: experimental insight into the population genetic consequences of mate competition and the origin of species
性选择、冲突和隔离:对配偶竞争和物种起源的群体遗传后果的实验洞察
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