Ecological genomics of population persistence and adaptation to environmental change in fishes

气候模型预测的快速环境变化将影响物种的全球分布和丰富度，突出了了解和预测种群如何在不断变化的环境中生存、适应或死亡的紧迫性。我的研究计划的长期目标是了解遗传变异如何使生物体在其环境中持续存在并适应环境变化。我的研究小组通过专注于进化变化的近端（遗传/表观遗传机制）和最终（选择的强度/代理）原因来解决这个问题，以解释基因如何与环境相互作用，使用现场和实验室实验相结合，将基因组学整合到鱼类的自然种群中，以实现这一目标。温度是影响生物体分布和丰度的主要环境因素，并且作为“非生物主因子”影响生理、行为和温度相关性状的可塑性（个体基因型响应环境变化而表达不同表型的能力）。许多物种特别容易受到气候变化的影响，因为它们依赖环境温度。然而，对于许多记录自然种群进化变化并将其归因于气候变化的研究，已经证明很难区分表型可塑性在进化性状中的作用。我们的研究计划将测试有关生态基因组学和与鱼类温度变化相关的表型可塑性进化的具体假设，以更好地预测其未来的丰度和分布。在这个框架内，我们将使用三棘鱼在未来五年的研究计划中调查以下短期目标：（1）测试可塑性介导的群体持久性和适应性表型可塑性的进化预测，并使用基因表达和DNA测序来阐明促成这些过程的潜在机制，（2）测试关于早期生活温度应激对未来表型可塑性表达的作用的预测，以及对环境中表现的后果，（三）确定多种应激源对表型可塑性进化的影响及其对预测物种分布的相应影响范围，以及（4）确定与新兴基因组编辑方法的表型可塑性相关的等位基因的功能作用。我们将使用综合方法产生有影响力的数据，以评估表型可塑性在进化弹性和适应全球温度变化中的作用。总的来说，我们希望我们的研究进展将有助于了解野生种群如何在不断变化的环境中持续和进化，并通过提高气候变化模型下预测物种分布的准确性来为政策提供信息。

Rapid environmental changes predicted by climate models will impact the global distribution and abundance of species, highlighting the urgency to understand and predict how populations will persist, adapt or perish under changing environments. The long-term objective of my research program is to understand how genetic variation enables organisms to persist in their environment and adapt to environmental change. My research group tackles this by focusing on the proximate (genetic/epigenetic mechanisms) and ultimate (strength/agent of selection) causes of evolutionary change to explain how genes interact with the environment, using a combination of field and lab experiments that integrate genomics in natural populations of fishes to achieve this objective. Temperature is a predominant environmental factor affecting the distribution and abundance of organisms and as an "abiotic master factor" influences physiology, behaviour, and plasticity (the capacity for an individual genotype to express different phenotypes in response to environmental variation) of temperature-associated traits. Many species are particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their reliance on environmental temperature. Yet, for many studies that have recorded evolutionary changes in natural populations and attributed them to climate change, it has proven difficult to distinguish the role of phenotypic plasticity in putatively evolving traits. Our research program will test specific hypotheses about the ecological genomics and evolution of phenotypic plasticity in association with temperature variation in fishes to better predict their future abundance and distribution. Within this framework, we will use threespine stickleback to investigate the following short-term objectives over the next five years of our research program: (1) test the evolutionary predictions of plasticity-mediated population persistence and adaptive phenotypic plasticity and use gene expression and DNA sequencing to elucidate the underlying mechanisms contributing to these processes, (2) test predictions about the role of early life temperature stressors on the expression of future phenotypic plasticity and consequences for performance in the environment, (3) determine the effects of multiple stressors on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity and its corresponding impact on predicted species distribution ranges, and (4) determine the functional role of alleles associated with phenotypic plasticity with emerging genome editing methods. We will produce impactful data using an integrative approach to evaluate the role of phenotypic plasticity in evolutionary resilience and adaptation to global temperature changes. Collectively, our hope is that advances in our research will contribute to an understanding of how wild populations persist and evolve in the face of changing environments, and inform policy by improving the accuracy of predicted species distributions under climate change models.