Environmental and genomic consequences of alternative hatchery rearing practices on Pacific Coho salmon survival and enhancement

替代孵化场饲养方法对太平洋银鲑鱼生存和增殖的环境和基因组影响

• 批准号: 521448-2018
• 负责人: Rogers, Sean
• 金额: $ 14.15万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=694141
• 关键词: Environmental; genomic; consequences; alternative; hatchery

Sustaining Canada's natural resources and food supply for future generations is a rapidly growing challenge that requires an understanding of how populations will respond and adapt to current and future environmental stressors. Salmon produce food and recreation for the people of the Pacific Northwest and are the keystone species of coastal ecosystems and human economies within this area. Yet, salmon populations are under pressure, and we do not understand the epigenetic and genetic factors that influence their odds of survival. In particular, while hatchery programs release millions of fish yearly, it remains unclear how many of these released salmon survive and whether they contribute to increasing the wild population size. We will take advantage of a unique and growing partnership between the Nitinat River Hatchery, the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, and the Ditidaht and Huu-ay-aht First Nations, to test the environmental and genomic consequences of alternative hatchery salmon rearing practices and determine whether more natural rearing environments improve the survival of hatchery fish, and what genes are associated with increased ability to withstand environmental challenges like disease. The combination of engaged partners helping raise these fish under this experimental manipulation, and the genetic tools with novel integration of analyses promises to provide a powerful means to improve the management of this important resource. While many genomic studies of salmon have been performed, the ability to raise thousands of Coho salmon families used in enhancement programs under different rearing conditions, and genetically track individuals from the time they are born to when they return to the river is a unique and powerful opportunity to understand how hatchery rearing practices may impact salmon survival and the genetics of domestication. Such insight will provide important knowledge and tools to government and First Nations hatchery managers focused on improving the sustainability and cultural heritage of this iconic natural resource.

为后代维持加拿大的自然资源和粮食供应是一个迅速增长的挑战，需要了解人口将如何应对和适应当前和未来的环境压力。鲑鱼为太平洋西北部的人们提供食物和娱乐，是该地区沿海生态系统和人类经济的关键物种。然而，鲑鱼种群面临压力，我们不了解影响其生存几率的表观遗传和遗传因素。特别是，虽然孵化场计划每年释放数百万条鱼，但仍不清楚这些释放的鲑鱼中有多少存活下来，以及它们是否有助于增加野生种群规模。我们将利用Nitinat河孵化场、Bamfield海洋科学中心以及Ditidaht和Huu-ay-aht原住民之间独特且不断发展的合作伙伴关系，测试替代孵化场鲑鱼饲养方法的环境和基因组后果，并确定是否更自然的饲养环境可以改善孵化场鱼类的生存，以及哪些基因与抵御疾病等环境挑战的能力增强有关。在这种实验操作下，参与合作伙伴帮助饲养这些鱼，以及具有新颖整合分析的遗传工具的结合，有望为改善这一重要资源的管理提供强有力的手段。虽然已经进行了许多鲑鱼的基因组研究，但在不同的饲养条件下饲养数千个用于增强计划的银鲑家庭的能力，以及从出生到返回河流的遗传跟踪个体的能力，是了解孵化场饲养实践如何影响鲑鱼生存和驯化遗传学的独特而强大的机会。这种洞察力将为政府和第一民族孵化场管理人员提供重要的知识和工具，重点是改善这一标志性自然资源的可持续性和文化遗产。