Environmental and genomic consequences of alternative hatchery rearing practices on Pacific Coho salmon survival and enhancement******

为子孙后代维持加拿大的自然资源和粮食供应是一项迅速增长的挑战，需要了解人们将如何应对和适应当前和未来的环境压力。鲑鱼为太平洋西北部的人们提供食物和娱乐，是该地区沿海生态系统和人类经济的关键物种。然而，鲑鱼种群正面临压力，我们不了解影响它们生存几率的表观遗传因素。特别是，尽管孵化场项目每年释放数百万条鱼，但目前尚不清楚这些释放的三文鱼中有多少存活了下来，以及它们是否有助于增加野生种群的数量。我们将利用Nitinat River Hatchery、Bamfield海洋科学中心以及Ditidaht和Huu-ay-aht原住民之间独特且不断发展的合作伙伴关系，测试替代孵化场三文鱼养殖方式的环境和基因组后果，并确定更自然的饲养环境是否能改善孵化场鱼类的生存，以及哪些基因与提高抵御疾病等环境挑战的能力有关。积极参与的合作伙伴在这一实验操作下帮助饲养这些鱼，加上具有新颖分析集成的遗传工具，有望提供一种强有力的手段来改善对这一重要资源的管理。虽然已经对鲑鱼进行了许多基因组研究，但在不同的饲养条件下饲养数千个用于改良计划的Coho鲑鱼家庭，并从基因上跟踪个体从出生到返回河流的能力，是了解孵化场饲养做法如何影响鲑鱼生存和驯化遗传学的一个独特而强大的机会。这种洞察力将为政府和原住民孵化场管理者提供重要的知识和工具，专注于改善这一标志性自然资源的可持续性和文化遗产。

Sustaining Canada's natural resources and food supply for future generations is a rapidly growing challenge that requires an understanding of how populations will respond and adapt to current and future environmental stressors. Salmon produce food and recreation for the people of the Pacific Northwest and are the keystone species of coastal ecosystems and human economies within this area. Yet, salmon populations are under pressure, and we do not understand the epigenetic and genetic factors that influence their odds of survival. In particular, while hatchery programs release millions of fish yearly, it remains unclear how many of these released salmon survive and whether they contribute to increasing the wild population size. We will take advantage of a unique and growing partnership between the Nitinat River Hatchery, the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, and the Ditidaht and Huu-ay-aht First Nations, to test the environmental and genomic consequences of alternative hatchery salmon rearing practices and determine whether more natural rearing environments improve the survival of hatchery fish, and what genes are associated with increased ability to withstand environmental challenges like disease. The combination of engaged partners helping raise these fish under this experimental manipulation, and the genetic tools with novel integration of analyses promises to provide a powerful means to improve the management of this important resource. While many genomic studies of salmon have been performed, the ability to raise thousands of Coho salmon families used in enhancement programs under different rearing conditions, and genetically track individuals from the time they are born to when they return to the river is a unique and powerful opportunity to understand how hatchery rearing practices may impact salmon survival and the genetics of domestication. Such insight will provide important knowledge and tools to government and First Nations hatchery managers focused on improving the sustainability and cultural heritage of this iconic natural resource.********