Deciphering the cannabis-powdery mildew interactions using genomics

使用基因组学破译大麻与白粉病的相互作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04391
• 负责人: Joly, David
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Université de Moncton
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=745014
• 关键词: Deciphering; cannabis; powdery; mildew; interactions

Plant diseases are responsible for considerable losses each year and threaten global food security. Breeding crop resistance to pathogens is usually considered as the most environmentally friendly method for managing diseases and reducing losses. However, one of the challenges is to ensure that such resistance is effective and durable. The long-term objective of my research program is to improve our fundamental knowledge on plant immunity and microbial virulence, which will help develop new strategies toward durable and sustainable disease resistance in important agricultural crops. Recent advances in genetics and genomics can contribute to unravel the complexity of plant-microbe interactions and decipher the genes and mechanisms that underlie resistance. These represent a game-changing approach that will fundamentally alter the way we generate disease resistant plants. Indeed, such knowledge can greatly benefit crop improvement through better-informed breeding strategies that exploit diverse forms of resistance at different scales, from the genome of a single plant to the plant varieties deployed within a region. In this installment, we aim to dissect the genetic and molecular basis of the cannabis-powdery mildew interaction with the goal of identifying pathogenicity and resistance determinants. We hypothesize that the rapid expansion of cultivated areas of cannabis has had a profound impact on the population structure of powdery mildew, and that the intricate coevolutionary patterns between cannabis and powdery mildew trace back to a myriad of defense mechanisms among cannabis accessions. To address these hypotheses, we will first investigate the population dynamics of cannabis powdery mildew and use a variety of omics approaches to determine the key players of this interaction. This will be accomplished through the research activities proposed in the Discovery Grant: Aim 1 - Pathogenomics of cannabis powdery mildew; Aim 2 - Identification of sources of resistance from a cannabis diversity panel; Aim 3 - Characterization of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying PM resistance. Significance: There is an urgent need for a coordinated effort to quantify the genetic diversity of cannabis, especially with regards to disease resistance. We now have approaches and resources to exploit the vast genetic variation present in the cannabis germplasm and streamline application of this knowledge directly into improvement programs. This will greatly accelerate the development of varieties which are less dependent on the use of pesticides, not only decreasing cultivation costs but also the environmental risks instigated by chemical control. Moreover, our research program represents a unique training opportunity for HQP in both experimental and computational science, which are highly needed skills required to sustain the biosciences sector and will provide excellent preparation for a range of career paths.

植物疾病每年造成巨大损失，并威胁全球粮食安全。通常认为对病原体的抗性作物耐药性被认为是管理疾病和减少损失的最环保的方法。但是，挑战之一是确保这种抵抗是有效耐用的。我的研究计划的长期目标是提高我们对植物免疫和微生物毒力的基本知识，这将有助于开发新的策略，以实现重要的农作物中持久和可持续的疾病抗性。遗传学和基因组学的最新进展可能有助于揭示植物 - 微生物相互作用的复杂性，并破译基于抗药性的基因和机制。这些代表了一种改变游戏规则的方法，它将从根本上改变我们产生抗病植物的方式。确实，这种知识可以通过更有信息的繁殖策略来极大地使作物改善，从而利用不同尺度的各种形式的抗性，从单个植物的基因组到部署在一个地区内部的植物品种。 在本期中，我们旨在剖析大麻 - 奶油霉菌相互作用的遗传和分子基础，目的是识别致病性和耐药性决定因素。我们假设大麻耕地的迅速扩张对白粉病的种群结构产生了深远的影响，并且大麻和白粉病之间复杂的协同进化模式痕迹回到了大麻加入之间的多种防御机制。 为了解决这些假设，我们将首先研究大麻白粉病的种群动态，并使用各种OMICS方法来确定这种相互作用的关键参与者。这将通过发现赠款中提出的研究活动来完成：AIM 1-大麻粉状霉菌的病原体学；目标2-鉴定大麻多样性面板的抵抗来源； AIM 3-表征PM电阻下的细胞和分子机制。意义：迫切需要进行协调的努力来量化大麻的遗传多样性，尤其是在抗病性方面。现在，我们有了方法和资源来利用大麻种质种质中存在的巨大遗传变异，并将这些知识直接应用于改进计划中。这将极大地加速较少依赖农药的品种的发展，不仅降低了耕种成本，而且还会降低化学控制所带来的环境风险。此外，我们的研究计划代表了HQP在实验和计算科学中的独特培训机会，这是维持生物科学领域所需的急需技能，并将为一系列职业道路提供出色的准备。