Thermal conversion of biomass and municipal solid wastes: Understanding the effect of organic and inorganic components on process performance

生物质和城市固体废物的热转化：了解有机和无机成分对工艺性能的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04583
• 负责人: Gupta, Rajender
• 金额: $ 2.84万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=746868
• 关键词: Thermal; conversion; biomass; municipal; solid

Municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills causes serious problems of GHG emissions. Canada produces one of the highest MSW per year (777kg per capita) requiring a proper management and/or large area for landfills. Other than MSW, the agricultural residues, and wastes from forest can add to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions if not utilized. Therefore, thermal conversion of MSW to power or chemicals is a very promising option to avoid the landfill and mitigating GHG emissions. MSW is the most complex in nature, firstly, because it consists of food wastes, garden wastes, plastics, paper, wastes from construction and demolition - each having different characteristics and, secondly because inorganic matter in these components interact with each other causing slagging/fouling/ sintering problems. The operational issues very much depend on the technology to be used. The most common technology used is fluidized bed gasification. However, there are three main problem in fluidized bed gasification (800-1000C): elutriation of fine fuel particles causing lower efficiency, agglomeration and sintering of ash and bed material and tar formation. The advantage is the retention of alkalis and S in bed material and ash. However, at high temperature entrained flow gasifier (1200-1400C) can overcome the issue of tar and bed agglomeration. In this proposal, the methodology will be to study each major individual component of MSW including garden clipping, agricultural residues tyres etc. in fluidized bed reactor (FBR) and entrained flow reactor (EFR) for the following three aspects: i)The impact feed quality and operating conditions on conversion efficiency combustion or gasification ii)Operational issues related to the inorganic matter - fouling, slagging and ash deposition. The operational problems such as agglomeration, deposition, and corrosion problems. iii)Environmental performance issues - emission of fine particulate matter, trace and toxic elements. The investigations of this aspect are scarce in the available literature. The synergy in the processing of these blends of different components - MSW, will be investigated for these aspects in terms of pyrolysis, gasification and interaction of ash components in reducing tar formation, reducing slagging/ fouling and reducing emission of fine particulate matter end trace/toxic elements. The main objective of the research is to develop a methodology for a consistent evaluation of MSW gasification process high temperature gasification processes. The short term objective, is to understand the pyrolysis behavior of individual component and the thermal conversion of char under different conditions using thermogravimetric analysis, a bench scale fluidized bed (FBR) and drop tube furnace (EFR), The knowledge generated in this program will provide more efficient thermal conversion of MSW and different types of biomass wastes and mitigation of GHG emissions in Canada.

垃圾填埋场的城市固体废物造成了严重的温室气体排放问题。加拿大是每年产生都市固体废物最多的国家之一（人均777公斤），需要适当的管理和/或大面积的堆填区。除城市生活垃圾外，农业废弃物和森林废弃物如果不加以利用，也会增加温室气体的排放。因此，将城市生活垃圾热转化为电力或化学品是避免填埋和减少温室气体排放的一个非常有前途的选择。城市生活垃圾本质上是最复杂的，首先，因为它由食物垃圾、园林垃圾、塑料、纸张、建筑和拆除垃圾组成，每一种都有不同的特征，其次，因为这些成分中的无机物相互作用，导致结渣/结垢/烧结问题。操作问题在很大程度上取决于所使用的技术。最常用的技术是流化床气化。然而，流化床气化（800-1000C）存在三个主要问题：细燃料颗粒的洗脱导致效率降低，灰分和床料的团聚和烧结以及焦油的形成。优点是在床料和灰分中保留碱和S。然而，在高温下（1200-1400C），夹带流气化炉可以克服焦油和床团聚的问题。在本提案中，该方法将研究在流化床反应器（FBR）和带流反应器（EFR）中生活垃圾的每个主要组成部分，包括花园碎屑，农业残留物轮胎等：i)饲料质量和操作条件对转化效率的影响燃烧或气化ii)与无机物有关的操作问题-污染，结渣和结灰。操作问题，如结块、沉积和腐蚀问题。iii)环境表现问题-细颗粒物、微量和有毒元素的排放。这方面的研究在现有文献中很少。将从热解、气化和灰分组分在减少焦油形成、减少结渣/结垢和减少细颗粒物和微量/有毒元素排放方面的相互作用来研究这些不同组分-城市生活垃圾的混合物处理中的协同作用。研究的主要目的是开发一种方法，以一致的评价城市生活垃圾气化过程高温气化过程。短期目标是通过热重分析、实验规模的流化床（FBR）和降管炉（EFR）了解不同条件下单个组分的热解行为和焦炭的热转化，该项目所产生的知识将为加拿大的城市生活垃圾和不同类型的生物质废物提供更有效的热转化和减少温室气体排放。