Development of environmentally friendly materials for 3D concrete printing

建筑业一直在向自动化方向发展。最有前途、发展最快的自动化建筑技术之一是使用3D混凝土打印机(3DCP)打印房屋和其他结构。三维混凝土打印技术具有缩短施工时间、节约成本、更好的质量控制、提高工作场所安全性、减少材料使用、建筑材料几乎零浪费等优点。目前的3D打印材料使用大量的波特兰水泥(PC)作为粘结剂和天然填料材料(沙子和碎石)。因此，这些打印材料对环境有害，因为PC的生产约占总二氧化碳和其他温室气体(GHG)的8%。此外，使用天然填充材料造成了大量温室气体排放和自然资源的枯竭。因此，这项研究的目标是开发迫切需要的可持续(环保)打印材料，用于3DCP，大大减少PC和自然资源(沙子和碎石)的使用。这一目标将通过使用加拿大的建筑和拆卸废物、回收玻璃产品、回收汽车轮胎等废物来实现。因此，这项研究的结果将有助于减少加拿大的温室气体排放，缓解垃圾填埋问题，保护自然资源。此外，这项研究的结果将使加拿大工程和建筑公司和加拿大成为使用3D混凝土打印机和环保材料的自动化和绿色施工技术的领先者。因此，将创造新的就业机会，并将使加拿大经济受益。这项研究将由学生进行，他们将在绿色建筑材料的各个方面进行培训，并在建筑中使用3D打印。这些训练有素、技能娴熟的学生将能够弥补加拿大的技能差距。

Construction industry has been moving towards automation. One of the most promising and fast-growing automated construction technologies is printing houses and other structures using a 3D concrete printer (3DCP). The 3D concrete printing technology has many advantages such as reduced construction time, cost saving, better quality control, enhanced work-place safety, lesser use of materials, and almost zero-waste in construction materials. Current 3D printing material uses a large amount of Portland cement (PC) as the binder and natural filler materials (sand and crushed stones). Hence, these printing materials are environmentally harmful because the production of PC is responsible for about 8% of total Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (GHG). Additionally, the use of natural filler materials creates a significant amount of GHG emission and depletion of our natural resources. Hence, the goal of this study is to develop urgently needed sustainable (environmentally friendly) printing materials for 3DCP that will significantly cutdown the use of PC and natural resources (sand and crushed stones). The goal will be achieved by using Canadian waste materials such as construction and demolition wastes, recycled glass products, recycled vehicle tyres. Hence, the outcome of this research will help in reducing Canada's GHG emission, alleviating landfill problem, and protecting natural resources. Additionally, the outcomes of this research will position Canadian engineering and construction companies and Canada as the leader in the automated and green construction technique using 3D concrete printer and environmentally friendly materials. As a result, new jobs will be created, and Canadian economy will be benefitted. This research will be executed by students who will be trained in various aspects of green construction materials and use of 3D printing in the construction. These highly trained and skilled students will be able to bridge the skills gap in Canada.