Development of Environmentally Sustainable Masonry Grout Materials

砖石建筑和砖石建筑可以追溯到几个世纪前。承重结构构件使用混凝土砌块，然后用含有大量波特兰水泥(PC)和天然砂(NS)的砖石灌浆材料填充。PC不是一种环境友好的材料，因为PC的生产约占总二氧化碳和其他温室气体(GHG)的8%。因此，这项研究的主要目标是开发环境友好的砌块灌浆材料，使用有限的PC或不使用PC。工业废物(矿渣)、建筑废物(地面再生混凝土砌块)和粘土将被用来取代PC。在砌块灌浆材料和传统混凝土材料中使用NS导致了石材储量的枯竭。石块被粉碎以生产NS，然后它们被长途运输到建筑工地。这种对NS的长途运输导致更多温室气体排放到环境中。因此，这项研究还将调查使用当地可获得的建筑和拆卸废物作为NS的替代品，用于砖石灌浆。这些废物是由混凝土砌块制造商和拆除旧混凝土结构产生的，最终进入堆填区，对附近居民的环境和健康造成危害。因此，这项研究也将有助于缓解垃圾填埋场的问题，将对健康和安全的危害降至最低。然后，将对新开发的环境可持续灌浆材料进行测试，以评估它们执行砖石灌浆所需结构功能的能力。将在温莎大学的结构测试实验室建造大量的砌块棱柱试件和几个高大的砌块墙体试件并进行测试。此外，还将进行计算机模拟，以确定在承重应用中评估灌浆材料所需的各种关键信息。这项研究将在五年内完成，七名工程专业的学生将在S.Das博士和B.Banting博士的监督下完成这项工作。这些训练有素、技能娴熟的学生将能够弥补加拿大的技能差距。

Masonry buildings and masonry constructions can be traced back centuries ago. Loadbearing structural elements of masonry use concrete masonry blocks which are then filled with masonry grout materials which contain a large amount of Portland cement (PC) and natural sand (NS). PC is not an environmentally friendly material since the production of PC is responsible for about 8% of the total CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHG). Hence, the primary goal of this research is to develop environmentally friendly masonry grout materials that will use limited or no PC. Industrial waste (slag), construction wastes (ground recycled concrete masonry), and clay soil will be used to replace PC. Use of NS in masonry grout materials and in traditional concrete materials has resulted in the depletion of stone reserves. Stones are crushed to produce NS and then they are hauled long-distances to construction sites. This long-distance hauling for the NS results in more emissions of GHG into the environment. Hence, this research will also investigate the use of locally available construction and demolition wastes as the substitute for NS for use in masonry grouts. These wastes are generated by concrete block manufacturers and demolition of old concrete structures which end up in the landfills causing environmental and health hazards to people living nearby. Thus, this research will also help in alleviating the landfill problem and minimizing the health and safety hazards. The newly developed environmentally sustainable grout materials will be then tested to evaluate their ability to perform the structural functions required of masonry grouts. A large number of masonry prism specimens and several tall masonry wall specimens will be built and tested in the structural testing lab at the University of Windsor. Additionally, computer simulations will be undertaken to determine various critical information needed for the assessment of the grout materials in loadbearing applications. This research will be completed in five years and seven engineering students will execute the work under the supervision of Dr. S. Das and Dr. B. Banting. These highly trained and skilled students will be able to bridge the skills gap in Canada.