Sustainable Stormwater Management Approach: Optimal Implementation of Low Impact Development Systems

2003年至2012年，加拿大城市洪水造成的损失超过200亿美元，尽管过去几十年来对雨水最佳管理做法进行了大量公共投资。最常用的管理做法主要是管道末端基础设施，旨在通过将雨水输送到最近的接收水体，将雨水径流从建筑环境中转移出去。最近，低影响开发（LID）技术（例如，生物湿地、雨水花园、绿色屋顶和可渗透的路面）已受到欢迎，并被许多加拿大城市采用。LID实践旨在管理靠近其源头的径流，模仿自然或开发前的水文过程，如渗透和保留。然而，主要是由于缺乏可靠的观测数据和这些做法的分散性，仍然存在不确定性，其长期功能，性能，维护，位置，以及它们对大规模流域雨水管理的集体影响。有了强有力和有效的雨水管理模型、降雨量数据系列的可用性和数据分析工具的进步，就有机会填补这一空白。 总体目标是制定一个框架，可以帮助实施可持续的雨水管理（LID）在加拿大城市地区的气候变化和快速城市发展。短期目标是：1）开发一套新的可靠的分析概率径流量和质量模型和LID模块，2）评估与开发的模型和气候变化相关的不确定性，以及3）创建一个全面有效的框架，用于在社区层面优化实施LID系统，并结合开发的雨水管理模型，不确定性量化模型和气候变化以及邻域和LID特征。长期目标是扩大流域一级的框架，纳入加拿大以生态系统为重点的倡议。所产生的知识将提高我们对雨水管理系统的性能和维护的理解。它还将确保加拿大社区在极端降雨事件、气候变化和未来几代城市增长下的复原力和可持续性。 这项研究计划将有助于培养高素质的人才在雨水管理，数据分析和建模技术。拟议的模型和工具将促进实施面向加拿大城市的最佳、高效和有弹性的LID做法，以减少城市径流影响，并防止数十亿美元的损失。

Urban flooding in Canada accounted for more than $20 billion in damage between 2003 and 2012, despite the massive public investment in stormwater best management practices over the last decades. The most used management practices are mainly end-of-pipe infrastructures, aiming to divert stormwater runoff away from the built environment by delivering it to the nearest receiving waterbody. Recently, low-impact-development (LID) technologies (e.g., bioswales, rain gardens, green roofs and permeable pavement) have gained popularity and adopted by many Canadian cities. LID practices aim to manage runoff close to its source, mimicking natural or predevelopment hydrological processes such as infiltration and retention. However, mainly due to the scarcity of reliable observed data and the decentralized nature of these practices, there remains uncertainty as to their long-term functionality, performance, maintenance, placement, and their collective impact on large-scale watershed stormwater management. With robust and efficient stormwater management models, availability of rainfall data series and advances in data analysis tools, there is an opportunity to fill this gap. The overarching objective is to develop a framework that can assist in implementing sustainable stormwater management (LID) in Canadian urban areas under climate change and rapid urban development. The short-term objectives are to 1) develop a new set of reliable analytical probabilistic runoff quantity and quality models and LID modules, 2) assess the uncertainties associated with the developed models and climate change, and 3) create a comprehensive and efficient framework for optimal implementation LID systems at a neighbourhood level, incorporating the developed stormwater management models, uncertainty quantification models and climate change and neighbourhood and LID characteristics. The long-term objective is to extend the framework for the watershed level, incorporating Canada's ecosystem-focused initiatives. The generated knowledge will improve our understanding of the performance and maintenance of stormwater management systems. It will also ensure the resilience and sustainability of Canadian communities under extreme rainfall events, climate change and urban growth for generations to come. This research program will help train highly qualified personnel in stormwater management, data analysis and modelling techniques. The proposed models and tools will facilitate the implementation of optimal, efficient and resilient LID practices geared towards Canadian cities to lessen urban runoff impacts and prevent billions of dollars in damages.