Applications and Communications Requirements of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

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Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are envisioned to transform transportation systems to become safer, less congested, and more efficient. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication enables vehicles and infrastructure to exchange real-time safety-related and situational awareness information which is intended to complement on-board sensors (e.g., radar, lidar, cameras, etc.) and extend the perception range of connected vehicles beyond their line-of-sight. CAVs represent a major innovation that will impact the public, automotive industry, and governments and are expected to revolutionize the way we commute. The main objective of the research program is to explore novel cooperative and autonomous driving (CAD) designs for CAVs and quantify the minimum requirements of V2X for CAD applications to ensure robustness, scalability, and reliability of modern intelligent transportation systems. To achieve this target, the proposed research focuses on two tracks in parallel, namely, Applications and Communications Requirements. The Applications track will focus on developing cooperative maneuvering strategies for CAVs in mixed traffic of connected and unconnected vehicles as well as human-driven and autonomous vehicles that will coexist on the road for the next two decades. For example, an interaction-aware cooperative adaptive cruise control (ICACC) designs will be developed to improve traffic flow and safety by considering the predicted behavior of surrounding noncooperative and unconnected vehicles. The efficiency, safety, and comfort of the developed algorithms will then be evaluated using real-world experimental data collected by real vehicles and/or a small-scale multi-vehicle testbed. The Communications Requirements track aims at investigating the interplay between V2X key performance indicators (e.g., latency, data rate, packet loss, etc.) and the scalability and reliability requirements of CAD applications. This research program will focus on the high-density regime when a large number of connected vehicles are transmitting V2X messages at the same time to evaluate the trade-off of using different levels of cooperation (e.g., status sharing, intent sharing, agreement seeking, and prescriptive messages as per current standards) and the load on the vehicular communication network. This will help to understand the strengths and limitations of the wireless links and to optimize network resources utilization by dynamically limiting the amount of information shared by road users based on the desired degree of cooperation, complexity of the cooperative maneuver, and the current and predicted status of the network. The findings of the research program are expected to attract the attention of the automotive industry, wireless industry, and all levels of the Government of Canada including federal, provincial, and municipal governments to improve efficiency of the road network and reduce the number of lives lost every year in vehicle-related accidents.