Fish passage and ice processes in relation to turbulent flow in open-channels

与明渠湍流相关的鱼类通过和冰过程

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-06000
• 负责人: Lacey, Jay
• 金额: $ 1.53万
• 依托单位: Université de Sherbrooke
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=753834
• 关键词: Fish; passage; ice; processes; relation

My research is focused on two rapidly developing fields within the discipline of fluvial hydraulics: 1) ecohydraulics and 2) river ice. Fishes are among the most important natural resource in the world; in 2013 fish accounted for about 17% of the global population's intake of animal protein. Fish stocks are depleting at an alarming rate worldwide and while overexploitation is the leading cause in ocean environments, in freshwater, flow regulation and habitat fragmentation due to dams and culverts are major contributors. Optimal solutions from new methods/designs that are grounded in sound scientific evidence demonstrating fish passage success are needed. Floods are the most costly natural disasters in Canada, and most of them occur during spring runoff when melting snow and ice are present. Improved ability to understand ice processes in rivers with the ultimate goal of preventing or mitigating the impacts of ice jams and associated high water levels would both improve public safety and reduce the annual cost of the flooding events. Issues such as whether river ice affects bed material transport, modifies channel morphology, and reduces or amplifies bank erosion, remain largely unaddressed. In this context, my research program aims to: 1) optimize the design of fish passage structures based on fish swimming mechanics and turbulent flow structure; and 2) quantify ice related sediment transport and plan-form morphological change and anchor ice growth on water intakes. In the next five years, the first axis of my research will quantify fish passage success through fish baffled culverts (e.g., weir, slotted weir, spoiler baffles) and fishways (e.g., pool-weir, slotted weir). Using combined state-of-the art measurement techniques (e.g., stereo particle image velocimetry, passive integrated transponder tracking, high-speed video, computational fluid dynamics), my research will identify turbulent flow structure along the trajectories used by fish as they make their assent through baffles and fishways leading to breakthroughs in their design. The second axis of my research program will investigate the links between river ice and morphological change. Sediment transport due to ice and non-ice processes will be quantified throughout the year leading to a comprehensive sediment budget. Innovative experiments on prototype water intake designs which deter anchor ice growth will also be undertaken. The results of my research will directly address the problem of fish habitat fragmentation, lead to better predictions of ice induced morphological change and improve designs of water intakes, thus promoting environmental stewardship and economic growth for Canada.

我的研究集中在河流水力学学科中发展迅速的两个领域：1)生态水力学和2)河冰。鱼是世界上最重要的自然资源之一；2013年，鱼约占全球人口动物蛋白摄入量的17%。全世界的鱼类资源正在以惊人的速度枯竭，虽然过度捕捞是海洋环境的主要原因，但在淡水中，水流调节以及堤坝和涵洞造成的栖息地碎片化是主要原因。需要以可靠的科学证据为基础的新方法/设计的最佳解决方案，证明鱼类通过成功。洪水是加拿大损失最大的自然灾害，大多数发生在春季径流期间，此时冰雪融化。提高了解河流结冰过程的能力，最终目标是防止或减轻冰堵和相关高水位的影响，这将既改善公共安全，又减少洪灾事件的年度成本。诸如河冰是否影响河床物质运输、改变河道形态、减少或放大河岸侵蚀等问题在很大程度上仍未得到解决。在此背景下，我的研究计划旨在：1)基于鱼类游动力学和湍流结构优化鱼类航道结构设计；2)量化与冰有关的泥沙输运和进水口平面形态形态变化和锚冰生长。在接下来的五年里，我的研究的第一个轴线将量化鱼通过挡鱼板涵洞(例如堰、槽堰、扰流板)和鱼道(例如池堰、槽堰)通过鱼类的成功程度。使用综合最先进的测量技术(例如，立体粒子图像测速仪、被动集成应答器跟踪、高速视频、计算流体力学)，我的研究将识别鱼通过挡板和鱼道时所使用的轨迹上的湍流结构，从而导致设计上的突破。我的研究计划的第二个轴将调查河冰和地形变化之间的联系。全年将对冰和非冰过程造成的泥沙输送进行量化，从而得出全面的泥沙预算。还将进行原型取水口设计的创新实验，以阻止锚冰的增长。我的研究结果将直接解决鱼类栖息地碎片化的问题，导致更好地预测冰引起的形态变化，并改进取水口的设计，从而促进加拿大的环境管理和经济增长。