CRITICAL ISSUES TO ASSESS ROCK BLASTABILITY AS A FUNCTION OF GEOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND LOCAL CONDITIONS BASED ON TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER (LIDAR) SURVEYS AND NUMERICAL ANALYSES

基于地面激光扫描仪 (LIDAR) 调查和数值分析，评估岩石可爆性作为地质力学特性和当地条件的函数的关键问题

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-03893
• 负责人: Aubertin, Jonathan
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: École de technologie supérieure
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=753895
• 关键词: CRITICAL; ISSUES; ASSESS; ROCK; BLASTABILITY

As our cities grow denser and larger, infrastructures are increasingly built underground in rocks. In conjunction, the increasing demand for mineral commodities requires a large number of mining operations, often with deeper excavations and a bigger footprint. Rock blasting represents the fastest and most cost-effective means of breaking rock for excavation purposes. Conventional blasting by means of drilled holes loaded with explosives is used extensively in civil and mining engineering for the construction of transportation tunnels, storage caverns, vertical shafts, and for surface and underground mines. Advanced tools and techniques for optimal rock blasting are needed to further improve operational standards for safety, reliability, efficiency, and environmental footprint related to civil and mining infrastructures. Well controlled blasting practices are essential for ensuring safe ground control and working conditions, long term stability of infrastructures, and reduce explosives consumption. Optimal blast design also significantly reduces energy consumption from comminution and materials handling downstream. Rock blasting is a complex process that combines thermodynamics, chemistry, seismicity, geological engineering and rock mechanics. This inherent complexity has led to the development of empirical guidelines often based on generic observations. Such guidelines, still applied, typically categorize geological media and geometrical settings in few simple groupings to assist in the determination of blast pattern configurations (spacing between holes; hole diameter; amount of explosives). In reality, the large number of influence factors raises many challenges to evaluate local blasting requirements, so the commonly used approaches often fail to provide optimal conditions for rock extraction. This research program proposes steps to improve our understanding of the blasting processes in various types of rock and to develop blastability indicators based on single hole blast (SHB) testing and LiDAR measurements. The results will be used to quantify blasting requirements considering geomechanical properties and operational conditions. The research program focuses on three primary orientations: remote sensing and point cloud processing, small and large scale experimental testing, and numerical analysis of dynamic and time-dependent geomechanical behavior. The research program relies on the original use of remote sensing technologies to provide rapid and efficient means of quantifying geomechanical and geometrical parameters, and evaluating blasting results to develop blastability indicators. A number of small and large scale field trials involving single hole and two-hole blast tests will be carried out to quantify the cratering behavior (with remote sensing tools) for different geological media and local geometry. Numerical modelling work will complement field experiments to evaluate the effect of geomechanical and geometrical conditions.

随着我们的城市越来越密集，基础设施越来越多地在岩石中建造。结合起来，对矿物商品的需求不断增长，需要大量的采矿业务，通常具有更深的发掘和更大的占地面积。岩石爆破代表了出于挖掘目的而打破岩石的最快，最具成本效益的方法。通过装有炸药的钻孔进行常规爆破，在民用和采矿工程中广泛使用运输隧道，储物洞穴，垂直轴以及地面和地下地雷。需要进行最佳岩石爆破的先进工具和技术，以进一步提高与民用和采矿基础设施有关的安全性，可靠性，效率和环境足迹的运营标准。受控良好的爆破实践对于确​​保安全的地面控制和工作条件，基础设施的长期稳定性以及减少炸药消耗至关重要。最佳爆炸设计还大大降低了粉碎和下游材料的能源消耗。岩石爆破是一个复杂的过程，结合了热力学，化学，地震性，地质工程和岩石力学。这种固有的复杂性导致经常基于通用观察的经验准则的制定。此类准则仍然应用，通常将地质媒体和几何环境分类为几个简单的分组，以帮助确定爆炸模式配置（孔之间的间距；孔直径；炸药的数量）。实际上，大量影响因素引起了许多评估当地爆破要求的挑战，因此常用的方法通常无法为岩石提取提供最佳条件。该研究计划提出了步骤，以提高我们对各种类型岩石中的爆破过程的理解，并根据单孔爆炸（SHB）测试和激光雷达测量来开发爆炸性指标。考虑到地质力学特性和操作条件，结果将用于量化爆破要求。研究计划侧重于三个主要方向：遥感和点云处理，小规模和大型实验测试以及动态和时间依赖性的地质力学行为的数值分析。该研究计划依靠遥感技术的原始使用来提供量化地质力学和几何参数的快速有效方法，并评估爆破结果以开发爆炸性指标。将进行许多涉及单个孔和两孔爆炸测试的小规模现场试验，以量化不同地质介质和局部几何形状的壁板行为（使用遥感工具）。数值建模工作将补充现场实验，以评估地质力学和几何条件的影响。