More than transportation: An integrated framework to evaluate how streets serve all users

不仅仅是交通：评估街道如何服务所有用户的综合框架

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-06115
• 负责人: Saunier, Nicolas
• 金额: $ 3.72万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=754675
• 关键词: More; than; transportation; integrated; framework

We are in the middle of a paradigm shift in transportation with the development and adoption of new technologies, sharing and on-demand services. This is happening during a sizable renewal and densification of urban cores in many North American cities and a push by these cities for more sustainable and active modes of transportation, and for overall improved livability.For transportation engineering, this means a shift from planning for car-dominant environments to more multimodal and better integrated transportation systems and built environments. This is happening because, in addition to their core goals, the impacts of transportation systems and facilities are evaluated on a growing number of areas: the environment, the economy and the society, including public health and quality of life. A vast array of indicators have thus been derived to measure the performance and impacts of transportation systems and facilities.This research deals with streets, including the public spaces along them like sidewalks and public squares. On the contrary to roads whose main functions are the (through) movement of motorized vehicles and to a lesser extent access to land and buildings, streets serve other functions and a larger variety of users with different abilities and needs. A third function, the "place" function, may be the most important one and essentially what distinguishes a street from a road. It is related to the propensity to encourage activities and socializing, including strolling, playing, exercising and shopping. In addition, these functions should be fulfilled while minimizing the negative impacts on public health (including accident injuries) and the environment. Although there are norms and guides to design streets to serve some of these functions, the framework and the tools are missing to evaluate quickly, continuously and systematically how streets actually operate, based on the observation of all their users. For example, new facilities for non-motorized users are rarely evaluated on more than two criteria, primarily safety, and there is no integrated diagnosis of how well these facilities serve all their functions and all users, nor of what their other impacts are. The main objective of this research program is to develop an original framework and automated methods for the integrated evaluation of the functions of streets and the impacts of their use based on the observation of all users.

随着新技术，共享和按需服务的开发和采用，我们正处于运输范式转变的中间。在许多北美城市的城市核心的重新续签和致密性期间，这些城市的推动是在更可持续和积极的运输方式中，以及整体改善的宜居性。对于运输工程，这意味着从计划转向汽车支持环境转变为更多层次和更好的集成运输系统和建造环境。之所以发生这种情况，是因为除了它们的核心目标外，还对越来越多的领域进行了运输系统和设施的影响：环境，经济和社会，包括公共卫生和生活质量。因此，已经得出了许多指标，以衡量运输系统和设施的性能和影响。这项研究涉及街道，包括沿着它们的公共空间，例如人行道和公共广场。与其主要功能的道路相反，其主要功能是（通过）机动车辆的（通过）移动，并且在较小程度上可以进入土地和建筑物，街道服务于其他功能以及具有不同能力和需求的更多用户。第三个功能，即“地点”功能，可能是最重要的功能，从本质上讲，将街道与道路区分开来。它与鼓励活动和社交活动的倾向有关，包括漫步，演奏，锻炼和购物。此外，应在最大程度地减少对公共卫生（包括事故伤害）和环境的负面影响的同时实现这些功能。尽管有一些规范和指南可以设计街道以服务其中的某些功能，但缺少框架和工具以根据对所有用户的观察，可以快速，连续和系统地评估街道的实际运作方式。例如，很少在两个以上的标准（主要是安全性）上评估非机动用户的新设施，并且没有综合诊断这些设施的所有功能，所有用户，也没有对其他影响的影响。该研究计划的主要目的是开发一种原始框架和自动化方法，以基于所有用户的观察，以综合评估街道功能及其使用的影响。