From examples to knowledge to software engineering support and automation

在过去的二十年里，已经做出了许多努力来产生支持软件开发和维护的环境和工具，例如建模语言、库等。然而，使用这些环境和工具并不容易，只有一些专家拥有正确和有效地使用它们所需的专业知识和知识。我们研究计划的目标是利用有限数量的专家的知识和专业知识，使更多的开发人员受益。为此，我们建议使用这些专家执行的用法示例来学习必要的知识，这些知识可用于自动化或支持开发人员使用这些环境和工具。得出这样的例子可以采取不同的形式。例如，当专家开发正确使用库的程序时，人们可以收集执行示例，并从这些执行示例中学习如何正确使用库的模式。然后，这些模式被转换为推荐系统，以指导新开发人员使用这样的库。另一种说明性的情况是操纵根据特定于域的语言编写的模型。通过观察操纵这些模型的专家，即在操纵任务之前和之后的模型，可以得到示例。然后，可以从这些例子中学习操作任务。

During the last two decades, much effort has been made to produce environments and tools to support software development and maintenance, e.g., modeling languages, libraries, etc. However, using these environments and tools is not easy, and only some experts have the necessary expertise and knowledge to use them correctly and efficiently. The goal of our research program is to leverage the knowledge and expertise of this limited number of experts in a way that can benefit to a larger number of developers. To this end, we propose to use examples of usages performed by these experts to learn the necessary knowledge that is operationalized to automate, or to support developers in, the use of these environments and tools. Deriving such examples can take different forms. For instance, when an expert develops a program that correctly uses a library, one can collect execution examples and learn from thempatterns on how to correctly use the library. Such patterns are then, transformed into recommending systems to guide new developers in using such a library. Another illustrative situation is one of manipulating models written according to a domain-specific language. Examples can be derived by observing an expert that manipulates these models, i.e., models before and after a manipulation task. Then, the manipulation tasks can be learned from these examples.