Mechanistic regulation of systemic bone and inflammatory responses to exercise and feeding in humans

人体运动和进食对全身骨骼和炎症反应的机制调节

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04557
• 负责人: Josse, Andrea
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=757805
• 关键词: Mechanistic; regulation; systemic; bone; inflammatory

Exercise and feeding trigger temporary changes in circulating bone and inflammatory biomarkers, and immune cells in humans. These responses can also be altered by increased levels of body fat (adiposity) since fat tissue secretes pro-inflammatory molecules that may differentially regulate these physiological responses. My previous work demonstrated that one bout of exercise induces bone and inflammatory biomarker responses. However, little is known about how feeding different foods/nutrients affect acute bone and inflammatory biomarker responses to exercise, how these processes (bone metabolism and inflammation) influence each other, and how adiposity mediates these interactions. Moreover, assessing circulating immune cell function and the inflammatory molecules immune cells produce after exposure to these temporary stressors/modulators will further add to our mechanistic understanding of these processes. Given the knowledge gaps, the aim of my research program is to investigate how exercise and feeding modify bone metabolism and inflammation in normal and altered (i.e., increased adiposity) human models of metabolism. Over the next 5 years, I will test different dairy foods and their constituent nutrients post acute exercise as nutritional modulators. Dairy foods (i.e., milk and Greek yogurt [GY]) contain nutrients that directly affect bone metabolism and have antioxidant/anti-inflammatory bioactives affecting inflammation. This makes them and their constituent nutrients appropriate feeding models to better understand these physiological responses/relationships. Nine trainees (2 MSc, 2 PhD, 5 undergraduate) will undertake 6 novel projects (with existing infrastructure and expert collaborators) to answer targeted questions on how bone/inflammatory biomarkers and immune cells respond to one bout of exercise for up to 48h with differential post-exercise feeding. Further, using innovative mechanistic techniques, we will assess how the primary triggers (exercise/feeding) with/without a secondary bacterial trigger affects acute immune cell function. Experiments feature high impact/load exercise followed by feeding with either milk, GY, carbohydrate, protein, calcium, or water. Blood samples will be taken at baseline and over 48h post-exercise. Some supplements will be tested in humans with increased body fat levels to assess these responses in a different physiological/inflammatory environment. Funds from this DG will facilitate a comprehensive collection of basic research that will generate fundamental knowledge and advance our understanding of the effects of exercise and feeding on responses and mechanisms of human bone metabolism and inflammation. Results will also generate knowledge applicable to diverse end-users focused on the nutritional optimization of acute exercise recovery and chronic exercise training in different contexts and has strong application to the food science/supplement industries informing innovative product formulations.

运动和进食会引发人体循环骨骼和炎症生物标志物以及免疫细胞的暂时变化。这些反应也可以通过身体脂肪水平的增加（肥胖）来改变，因为脂肪组织分泌促炎分子，可以差异调节这些生理反应。我之前的工作表明，一轮运动会诱发骨骼和炎症生物标志物反应。然而，关于喂养不同的食物/营养素如何影响急性骨骼和炎症生物标志物对运动的反应、这些过程（骨代谢和炎症）如何相互影响以及肥胖如何介导这些相互作用，人们知之甚少。此外，评估循环免疫细胞功能和免疫细胞在暴露于这些临时应激源/调节剂后产生的炎症分子将进一步增加我们对这些过程的机制理解。鉴于知识差距，我的研究计划的目的是调查运动和喂养如何改变正常和改变（即肥胖增加）的人类代谢模型中的骨代谢和炎症。在接下来的五年里，我将测试不同的乳制品及其在急性运动后作为营养调节剂的成分营养素。乳制品（即牛奶和希腊酸奶 [GY]）含有直接影响骨代谢的营养成分，并具有影响炎症的抗氧化/抗炎生物活性。这使得它们和它们的营养成分成为合适的喂养模型，以更好地理解这些生理反应/关系。九名学员（2 名硕士、2 名博士、5 名本科生）将开展 6 个新颖项目（利用现有基础设施和专家合作者），以回答有关骨骼/炎症生物标志物和免疫细胞如何对长达 48 小时的运动后差异化喂养做出反应的有针对性的问题。此外，利用创新的机械技术，我们将评估有/没有次要细菌触发因素的主要触发因素（运动/喂养）如何影响急性免疫细胞功能。实验的特点是进行高冲击/负荷运动，然后喂牛奶、GY、碳水化合物、蛋白质、钙或水。将在基线和运动后 48 小时内采集血样。一些补充剂将在体脂水平升高的人体中进行测试，以评估不同生理/炎症环境中的这些反应。该总干事的资金将促进基础研究的全面收集，这些研究将产生基础知识，并加深我们对运动和饮食对人类骨代谢和炎症反应和机制的影响的理解。研究结果还将产生适用于不同最终用户的知识，重点关注不同环境下急性运动恢复和慢性运动训练的营养优化，并在食品科学/补充剂行业中具有强大的应用价值，为创新产品配方提供信息。