Mechanistic regulation of systemic bone and inflammatory responses to exercise and feeding in humans

点击翻译按钮获取中文摘要

Exercise and feeding trigger temporary changes in circulating bone and inflammatory biomarkers, and immune cells in humans. These responses can also be altered by increased levels of body fat (adiposity) since fat tissue secretes pro-inflammatory molecules that may differentially regulate these physiological responses. My previous work demonstrated that one bout of exercise induces bone and inflammatory biomarker responses. However, little is known about how feeding different foods/nutrients affect acute bone and inflammatory biomarker responses to exercise, how these processes (bone metabolism and inflammation) influence each other, and how adiposity mediates these interactions. Moreover, assessing circulating immune cell function and the inflammatory molecules immune cells produce after exposure to these temporary stressors/modulators will further add to our mechanistic understanding of these processes. Given the knowledge gaps, the aim of my research program is to investigate how exercise and feeding modify bone metabolism and inflammation in normal and altered (i.e., increased adiposity) human models of metabolism. Over the next 5 years, I will test different dairy foods and their constituent nutrients post acute exercise as nutritional modulators. Dairy foods (i.e., milk and Greek yogurt [GY]) contain nutrients that directly affect bone metabolism and have antioxidant/anti-inflammatory bioactives affecting inflammation. This makes them and their constituent nutrients appropriate feeding models to better understand these physiological responses/relationships. Nine trainees (2 MSc, 2 PhD, 5 undergraduate) will undertake 6 novel projects (with existing infrastructure and expert collaborators) to answer targeted questions on how bone/inflammatory biomarkers and immune cells respond to one bout of exercise for up to 48h with differential post-exercise feeding. Further, using innovative mechanistic techniques, we will assess how the primary triggers (exercise/feeding) with/without a secondary bacterial trigger affects acute immune cell function. Experiments feature high impact/load exercise followed by feeding with either milk, GY, carbohydrate, protein, calcium, or water. Blood samples will be taken at baseline and over 48h post-exercise. Some supplements will be tested in humans with increased body fat levels to assess these responses in a different physiological/inflammatory environment. Funds from this DG will facilitate a comprehensive collection of basic research that will generate fundamental knowledge and advance our understanding of the effects of exercise and feeding on responses and mechanisms of human bone metabolism and inflammation. Results will also generate knowledge applicable to diverse end-users focused on the nutritional optimization of acute exercise recovery and chronic exercise training in different contexts and has strong application to the food science/supplement industries informing innovative product formulations.