Probing the relationship between doing and watching to promote motor performance and learning

工作性质/研究重要性：在这个在线学习和视频应用程序的时代，关于个人如何有效地适应和学习运动技能(或认为他们通过观看他人学习)的问题至关重要。通过实践干预，包括想象、观察或物理实践，我将测试这些隐藏的和可见的实践方法如何影响显性的战略以及更多的无意识的过程。后一种过程给出了运动计划调整的迹象，可以独立于那些更明确的过程(具有积极和消极的后果)而发展。我感兴趣的是对能力的感知与实际能力的匹配程度，以及想象表演可能比仅仅观看更好地调节这些感知。观察别人犯的错误似乎激活了学习和表现的过程，这与观察准确的表现不同。与错误和无错误观看相关的条件和效果指导着当前的研究，这项研究揭示了期望值在适应后来的运动中的作用。一个基于“优化挑战”的框架很有希望测试最能促进学习的练习条件。我感兴趣的是在练习中优化挑战的具体过程，以及个人如何选择适度挑战。这项研究将增加关于人们如何在不同的运动技能背景下获取、保持和传递知识的知识，提供理论上的理解，并为有效和有效的练习方法提供指导。结果/好处：我的研究处于基础和应用的结合点，具有运动学习和控制机制的基础知识，推动研究的是实用的，通常是运动/教练驱动的重点。除了更多人为的实验室任务外，我还努力使用可以应用于更真实世界行动的任务，这些任务可以提供更多的控制和实践机制的隔离。这项研究对运动训练有明确的启示，但运动技能的获得对许多环境都至关重要。我的工作对国际和加拿大的教练实践产生了影响。我直接和屁股教练一起工作。加拿大，加拿大。体育协会，以及省级、国家级和专业体育组织。我还与临床领域的研究人员合作(例如，悉尼大学的声音疗法)。通过NSERC的支持，我为所有级别的学员提供了一个丰富的科学学习和发现的环境，为学生提供学习经验，使他们获得在运动学相关领域取得成功的知识和技能。过去的HQP进入了学术界、理疗、医学和运动训练/调理。这些职业从如何实践和如何提供有效示范的知识中受益匪浅。

Nature of work/research importance: In this age of online-learning & video apps, which has been acutely brought into focus with COVID, questions concerning how individuals effectively adapt and learn movement skills (or think they learn) from watching others are critically important. Through practice interventions, which involve imagery, observation or physical practice, I will test how these hidden and visible methods of practice impact explicit strategies as well as more unaware processes. These latter processes give an indication of adjustments to motor plans and can develop independently from those that are more explicit (with positive & negative consequences). I am interested in how well perceptions of ability match actual capabilities and how imagining acting might better tune these perceptions than just watching. Observing others make mistakes appears to activate processes involved in learning and performance differently to watching accurate performance. The conditions and effects associated with errorful and errorfree watching guide the current research, with this research informing as to the role of expectancies in adapting later movement. A framework based on "optimizing challenge" is promising for testing the practice conditions that best promote learning. I am interested in the specific processes which optimize challenge during practice and how individuals choose to moderate challenge. This research will add to knowledge concerning how people acquire, retain and transfer knowledge across various motor skill contexts, informing theoretical understanding but also providing guides for efficient and effective practice methods. Outcomes/Benefits: My research is situated at the nexus of basic and applied, with fundamental knowledge about motor learning and control mechanisms driving research with a practical, often sport/coaching-driven focus. I have made efforts to use tasks that have application to more real-to-world actions, in addition to more contrived laboratory tasks, which can afford more control and isolation of practice mechanisms. This research has clear implications for sports training, but acquisition of motor skills is critical to many environments. My work has impacted on coaching practice internationally and in Canada. I directly work with Coaching Ass. of Canada, Cdn. Sport Inst., as well as provincial, national and professional sport organizations. I also collaborate with researchers in clinical-fields (e.g., voice therapy, U. of Sydney). Through NSERC support I offer an enriched environment for scientific study and discovery for all levels of trainees, providing learning experiences for students which arm them with the knowledge and skills to succeed in kinesiology-related fields. Past HQP have gone onto academia, physical-therapy, medicine and sport coaching/conditioning. These professions significantly benefit from knowledge about how to practice and how to provide effective demonstrations.