Expanding the water safety toolbox for small and decentralized drinking water systems using risk analysis, photocatalytic technologies, and pilot scale equipment

利用风险分析、光催化技术和中试设备扩展小型和分散式饮用水系统的水安全工具箱

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-03620
• 负责人: Gora, Stephanie
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=758058
• 关键词: Expanding; water; safety; toolbox; small

Decentralized drinking water systems (DDWS) provide drinking water to millions of people around the world, including in Canada. DDWS often lack advanced water treatment and many communities that are served by DDWS have limited financial and operational capacity. Research suggests that these communities are more likely to be placed under boil water advisories and experience adverse water quality events than those served by piped distribution systems. Municipal drinking water treatment processes are not designed to operate at the low and intermittent flows that occur in DDWS. Novel treatment technologies that are effective at smaller scales and have limited material and energy inputs are key to maximizing water safety in DDWS. Photocatalytic technologies, which exploit the fact that some materials generate highly oxidative radicals when exposed to light of the correct wavelength, are promising for DDWS because they can provide concurrent disinfection and chemical contaminant removal and require few chemical inputs. I propose to explore water safety challenges in DDWS using advanced water quality analysis and modelling methods and to develop and demonstrate photocatalytic technologies that can remediate these challenges and are tailored to the needs of communities served by DDWS. My research team will document drinking water safety from source to tap in four representative DDWS in Canada. The results will be used to identify water safety hazards and build a risk-based predictive water safety model using machine learning principles. They will also inform the design and construction of a modular pilot apparatus that accurately simulates conditions at different points in DDWS. The modular pilot will provide a venue for the scale up and demonstration of photocatalytic technologies to improve drinking water safety in DDWS. It will also be easy to reconfigure and repurpose for other studies related to DDWS, including corrosion experiments and the evaluation of point of use and point of entry technologies. This research program will improve water safety in small and decentralized drinking water systems and empower communities to recognize and manage water safety hazards in their systems using cost-effective water technology. The students that participate in this research program will acquire in-depth understanding of water chemistry, photocatalysis, and drinking water treatment and management in Canada along with skills related to water sampling and analysis, experimental design, the design and operation of pilot equipment, and community engagement.

分散式饮用水系统（DDWS）为包括加拿大在内的世界各地数百万人提供饮用水。DDWS往往缺乏先进的水处理，DDWS服务的许多社区的财政和业务能力有限。研究表明，这些社区更有可能被置于沸水供水系统之下，并经历不利的水质事件，而不是管道分配系统。市政饮用水处理工艺的设计并不适合在DDWS中出现的低流量和间歇性流量下运行。在较小规模上有效且材料和能源投入有限的新型处理技术是最大限度地提高DDWS水安全的关键。光催化技术利用了一些材料在暴露于正确波长的光时产生高度氧化性自由基的事实，对于DDWS来说是有希望的，因为它们可以同时提供消毒和化学污染物去除，并且需要很少的化学投入。我建议使用先进的水质分析和建模方法来探索DDWS中的水安全挑战，并开发和展示可以解决这些挑战并针对DDWS所服务的社区需求的光催化技术。 我的研究小组将在加拿大四个有代表性的DDWS中记录从源头到水龙头的饮用水安全。研究结果将用于识别水安全隐患，并使用机器学习原理构建基于风险的预测性水安全模型。它们还将为精确模拟DDWS不同点条件的模块化试验装置的设计和建造提供信息。模块化试点将为光催化技术的推广和示范提供场所，以改善DDWS的饮用水安全。它也很容易重新配置和重新用于与DDWS有关的其他研究，包括腐蚀实验和使用点和进入点技术的评价。该研究计划将改善小型和分散式饮用水系统的水安全，并使社区能够使用具有成本效益的水技术来识别和管理其系统中的水安全隐患。参加这项研究计划的学生将获得水化学，蒸馏水和饮用水处理和管理的深入了解，沿着与水取样和分析，实验设计，试验设备的设计和操作以及社区参与相关的技能。