Evolutionary modeling of behaviour in sociobiology and psychology

社会生物学和心理学中行为的进化模型

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-04555
• 负责人: Taylor, Peter
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Queen's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=759145
• 关键词: Evolutionary; modeling; behaviour; sociobiology; psychology

There are two projects, both evolutionary studies of behaviour. The first belongs to biology and concerns the nature and structure of the theoretical constructs we use in our attempt to understand behaviour of living organisms. The second belongs more to psychology and economics and has both theoretical and experimental components. It uses a new “signal” version of the much studied ultimatum game to help us understand human behaviour in economic decision making. Project 1 continues my ongoing study of the inclusive fitness (IF) method for analyzing social behaviour. This concerns situations in which the behaviour of an actor affects the fitness of relatives and it has been realized for a long time that selective forces should modify behaviour to take account of such effects. Hamilton (F8) showed that evolution should maximize a simple weighted (by relatedness) sum of these fitness effects. This constructthe IF effectis simple and intuitive (help your neighbours in proportion to their “closeness”) and under a wide set of assumptions (principally weak selection) its predictions match those of more-detailed genetic models. My past work has been to discuss the predictions of IF models and establish precise equivalence results to other standard measures of fitness such as fixation probability. In this work I have discovered many elegant structural results. These include two general conditions for evolutionary stability; the first applies to all homogeneous population structures (F25) and the second to synergistic (non-additive) fitness effects in both finite and infinite populations (CCV10). It is certainly the case that the IF formulation was crucial to the discovery of these simple conditions.Over the next five years I will continue this work, seeking simple general results, focusing on class-structured populations and non-additive fitness effects. In the ultimatum game of Project 2, player 1 makes an offer to player 2 of how to split an available resource, but that is implemented only if player 2 accepts; otherwise both get nothing. Experiments show that humans play this game much more generously than the Nash equilibrium would predict. In our variation, player 2 makes an up-front demand: “I will accept no less than x,” which, however, he is not compelled to adhere to. This is analogous to the red patch on a male blackbird wing that appears to signal good paternity but might be dishonest. How is this, possibly empty, demand to affect player 1's offer? It is known from biological studies that such signals of quality do not work unless they exact a cost on the signaler and for this reason we introduce and investigate a cost taken to be proportional to the difference between the demand and the “minaccept” below which the offer will fail. This project has inspired the interest of my grad students and I will be able to involve them in the model building as well as the field work.

有两个项目，都是行为的进化论研究。第一个属于生物学，涉及我们在试图理解活着的有机体行为时所使用的理论概念的性质和结构。第二部分更多地属于心理学和经济学，包括理论和实验两个部分。它使用了一个被广泛研究的最后通牒游戏的新“信号”版本，以帮助我们理解经济决策中的人类行为。项目1继续我正在进行的关于分析社会行为的包容性适应度(IF)方法的研究。这涉及行为者的行为影响亲属适合性的情况，长期以来人们认识到，选择性部队应改变行为，以考虑到这种影响。哈密尔顿(F8)表明，进化应该最大化这些适应性效应的简单加权和(通过关联性)。这种构造如果效果简单而直观(帮助你的邻居与他们的“亲密度”成比例)，并且在一系列广泛的假设(主要是弱选择)下，它的预测与更详细的遗传模型的预测相匹配。我过去的工作是讨论IF模型的预测，并建立与注视概率等其他适合性标准度量精确等价的结果。在这项工作中，我发现了许多优雅的结构效果。这包括进化稳定性的两个一般条件；第一个适用于所有同质种群结构(F25)，第二个适用于有限和无限种群中的协同(非加性)适应度效应(CCV10)。在接下来的五年里，我将继续这项工作，寻求简单的普遍结果，专注于类结构总体和非加性适应度效应。在项目2的最后通牒博弈中，玩家1向玩家2提出如何分割可用资源的提议，但这只有在玩家2接受的情况下才能实现；否则双方都得不到任何东西。实验表明，人类玩这个游戏比纳什均衡预测的要慷慨得多。在我们的变体中，2号玩家预先提出了一个要求：“我将接受不少于x的要求”，然而，他并不是被迫遵守这一要求。这类似于雄性黑鸟翅膀上的红色斑块，看起来像是好父亲的信号，但可能是不诚实的。这个可能是空的需求会如何影响1号球员S的报价？从生物学研究中得知，这样的质量信号是不起作用的，除非它们给信号者带来成本，因此我们引入并调查了一种成本，该成本与需求和“最低接受”之间的差额成正比，低于该差值，报价将失败。这个项目激发了我的研究生的兴趣，我将能够让他们参与到模型建造和实地工作中来。