Analysis and Characterization of Advanced Composites for Competitive Failure Models

加拿大制定气候计划是为了确保到2030年减少温室气体排放，到2050年实现净零排放。加拿大的气候计划指出，交通运输部门的温室气体排放量约占温室气体排放量的25%。其中一项主要建议是减少车辆重量，同时提高新车、轻型卡车、运输飞机和船舶的结构性能。复合材料是应对这些挑战的理想选择。这引发了复合材料制造技术的进一步发展，并通过结合天然纤维和合成纤维实现了杂交。这些进步表明需要考虑制造缺陷及其对机械响应和故障的影响。该研究计划计划进行三个并行调查，以捕获这些影响并扩展现有仿真工具的功能。这些平行研究包括：1)微观结构评估以识别制造缺陷；2)微观力学建模以描述这些缺陷对机械响应的影响；3)宏观力学建模以检查制造缺陷对失效极限的影响。在微观结构评估研究中，使用了两种制造方法及其变化，即高压釜和真空辅助树脂传递模塑（VARTM）。微观结构的定量评估也说明了使用单向和二维编织纤维之间的差异。微观力学建模研究了在评估研究中发现的单个和组合制造缺陷对机械响应的影响。均质性是寻求能够预测在服务负荷下的机械响应。最后，宏观力学建模研究扩展了制造缺陷对失效预测的影响。利用宏观-微观力学关系寻求制造缺陷的竞争失效模型。通过微观和宏观力学研究，研究项目旨在将图形用户界面（GUI）发展成为主流的有限元商业代码。该GUI允许设计师将制造方法转换为一组目标输入，以消除耗时的多级模拟的需要。鉴于复合材料在所有工程领域都被采用，所提出的方案的影响是普遍的。复合材料在世界范围内的使用突出了拟议计划的成果在国际上传播的预期潜力。将研究成果纳入商法典，保证了其在研究人员和各个行业之间的实际传播。此外，拟议的计划保证HQP培训最先进的无损评估和先进的模拟技术。这些成果结合起来将对加拿大的工业、经济发展和环境可持续性产生有利影响。

Canada's climate plan is developed to ensure reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions by 2030 and reaching net-zero emissions by 2050. Canada's climate plan identified that transportation sector is responsible for about 25% of GHG emissions. One of the major recommendations is for the reduction in vehicle weight while enhancing structural performance of new cars, light trucks transport aircraft and marine craft. Composite materials represent the ideal candidate for meeting these challenges. This triggered further advances in composite manufacturing technologies as well as hybridization by combining natural and synthetic fibres. These advances dictate the need to account for manufacturing defects and their influence on mechanical response and failure. This research program plans three parallel investigations to capture these effects and extend functionality of existing simulation tools. These parallel investigations are 1) microstructural assessment to identify manufacturing defects, 2) micromechanical modeling to delineate the influence of these defects on mechanical response and 3) macromechanical modeling to examine the effects of manufacturing defects on failure limits. In microstructure assessment investigations, two manufacturing methods and their variations are utilized, namely, autoclave and vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). Quantitative assessments of microstructure also account for variations between using unidirectional and two-dimensional woven fibres. Micromechanical modeling investigations study effect of individual and combined manufacturing defects identified in assessment investigations on mechanical response. Homogenized properties are sought to enable prediction of mechanical response under service loads. Finally, macromechanical modeling investigations extend studies on effect of manufacturing defects towards failure prediction. Competitive failure models accounting for manufacturing defects are sought utilizing macro-micro mechanical relationships. Through micro- and macro-mechanical investigations, the research program aims at developing graphical user interface (GUI) into mainstream finite element commercial codes. This GUI allows the designer to translate manufacturing method into set of objective inputs to eliminate need for time consuming multi-level simulations. Given that composite materials are adopted in all engineering fields, the impact of proposed program is universal. World-wide use of composites highlights expected potential of internationally spreading the outcomes of the proposed program. Implementation of research outcomes into commercial codes guarantees their practical dissemination among researchers and various industries. Moreover, the proposed program guarantees HQP training on state-of-the-art non-destructive evaluation and advanced simulation techniques. These outcomes combined will have favorable impacts on Canadian industry, economy development and environmental sustainability.