Advancing the understanding of fundamental principles of motor control.

增进对电机控制基本原理的理解。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04968
• 负责人: Feldman, Anatol
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=761466
• 关键词: Advancing; understanding; fundamental; principles; motor

The proposed theory-driven research program is built on our earlier achievements under the tenure of previous NSERC grants (see Feldman 2015, book): (1) The corticospinal (CS) system originating from the primary motor cortex (M1) sets and resets, in a feedforward way, the threshold (referent) position of body segments at which appropriate muscles begin to be recruited (Raptis et al. 2010; Ilmane et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2017); (2) Threshold position control mediated by CS pathways underlies anticipatory actions (Turpin et al. 2016; Zhang et al. 2017); (3) The theory has been generalized and validated for reaching, jumping, walking in humans and head motion in monkeys (Feldman 2015); (4) It was further extended to consider higher brain functions ? the origin of directional tuning of M1 neurons (Feldman, invited review, appended) and perception, with explanations of the phantom limb phenomenon and visual space constancy (Feldman 2016). The long-term objective of the program is to further advance understanding of basic principles underlying the control of motor actions. The first specific objective is to test the hypothesis that by shifting spatial thresholds for muscle activation, the nervous system transfers balance and stability from one place to another. By doing so, the system can elicit a single step and continuous locomotion at a desired speed. In response to a transient perturbation, the system may be forced to temporarily decrease the rate of shifts in the referent body location such that the whole gait pattern will be shifted in time, a phenomenon called long-lasting ("permanent") phase resetting. We will test whether vestibular, corticospinal and/or visual systems are responsible for such phase resetting and thus involved in the control of gait speed. Testing will be done by applying Transcranial Magnetic stimulation (TMS), Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) or visual perturbations, respectively. The second specific objective is to test the role of the ipsilateral CS tract in the control of spatial thresholds during uni- and bi-manual movements, which will help advance the theory beyond its present point, thus meeting the long-term objective. The uniqueness of this program is that it represents cutting-edge research in the further development and testing of the empirical (non-computational) threshold position control theory in comparison to the alternative, computational theory of motor control in the hope that the controversy between them will eventually be resolved. This multidisciplinary program will benefit the training of HQP by substantially contributing to the understanding of how biological movements are controlled. The applied aspect of this program can also be significant as has been demonstrated by our team by elaborating a device for identification of post-stroke spasticity (patented) and by the use of the physiological principles of referent control in improving human-like motions of robots (e.g. Bicchi et al. 2002).

拟议的理论驱动研究计划建立在我们之前 NSERC 资助期间取得的早期成就的基础上（参见 Feldman 2015，书籍）：（1）源自初级运动皮层（M1）的皮质脊髓（CS）系统以前馈方式设置和重置身体节段的阈值（参考）位置，在该位置开始招募适当的肌肉（Raptis 等人，2010 年；Ilmane） 等人。 2013年；张等人。 2017）； （2）CS通路介导的阈值位置控制是预期行为的基础（Turpin等人，2016；Zhang等人，2017）； (3) 该理论已在人类的伸手、跳跃、行走和猴子的头部运动中得到推广和验证（Feldman 2015）； (4) 进一步延伸考虑更高的大脑功能？ M1 神经元定向调节的起源（Feldman，特邀评审，附录）和感知，并解释了幻肢现象和视觉空间恒定性（Feldman 2016）。该计划的长期目标是进一步加深对运动控制基本原理的理解。第一个具体目标是检验这样的假设：通过改变肌肉激活的空间阈值，神经系统将平衡和稳定性从一个地方转移到另一个地方。通过这样做，系统可以以所需的速度引发单步和连续运动。响应于瞬时扰动，系统可能被迫暂时降低参考身体位置的移动速率，使得整个步态模式将及时移动，这种现象称为持久（“永久”）相位重置。我们将测试前庭、皮质脊髓和/或视觉系统是否负责这种阶段重置，从而参与步态速度的控制。测试将分别通过应用经颅磁刺激 (TMS)、电前庭刺激 (GVS) 或视觉扰动来完成。第二个具体目标是测试同侧CS束在单手和双手运动过程中控制空间阈值的作用，这将有助于推动该理论超越目前的水平，从而实现长期目标。该计划的独特性在于，它代表了经验（非计算）阈值位置控制理论与替代的计算理论相比的进一步发展和测试的前沿研究，希望它们之间的争议最终能够得到解决。这一多学科项目将极大地促进对生物运动如何控制的理解，从而有利于总部的培训。该程序的应用方面也很重要，正如我们的团队通过精心设计一种用于识别中风后痉挛的设备（已获得专利）以及利用参考控制的生理原理来改善机器人的类人运动所证明的那样（例如 Bicchi 等人，2002 年）。