Quantifying mechanisms of rapid adaptation to predict responses to climate change

种内变异可以通过多种机制产生，而这种变异可以通过选择来促进对新环境的适应。气候变化是一个已经在影响物种和生态系统的全球性问题，凸显了了解和预测物种将如何适应未来变化的迫切需要。随着基因组技术的进步，景观基因组学在许多分类群中识别与气候适应相关的遗传变异正变得司空见惯。虽然这些数据可以为预测对未来气候情景的反应提供信息，但这些方法通常基于基因和环境之间的相关信息。许多基因组研究没有直接检查表型，也没有考虑到气候适应中的可塑性和突变等机制。因此，目前缺乏对气候变化的进化反应的完整图景，需要一个包含适应所涉及的多种机制的知识的生态进化模型。为了解决该领域的这些差距，这项研究计划将结合对大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo Salar)的实地和实验室研究，这种鲑鱼代表了一种在生态、文化和经济上具有重要意义的物种，在其范围内继续经历种群数量下降，气候是一个潜在因素。通过这项研究计划，五名研究生和四名本科生将接受与鱼类采集和生理学、分子分析以及生物信息学和统计分析相关的野外和实验室技术培训。此外，学生还将接受准备出版手稿和其他科学传播途径的培训。总体而言，多种方法的整合和模型的开发，以有力地估计对气候变化的反应，将为进化生物学家以及保护和管理提供关键工具，以帮助理解和预测未来的变化。

Intraspecific variation can arise through multiple mechanisms, and such variation can be acted on by selection to promote adaptation to new environments. Climate change is a global issue that is already impacting species and ecosystems, highlighting an immediate need to understand and predict how species will adapt to future changes. With advances in genomic technology, landscape genomics is becoming commonplace for identifying genetic variants associated with climate adaptation across many taxa. While these data can be informative for predicting responses to future climate scenarios, these methods are often based on correlational information between genotype and environment. Many genomic studies do not directly examine phenotype and fail to account for mechanisms such as plasticity and mutation in climate adaptation. Therefore, a full picture of the evolutionary responses to climate change is currently lacking, and an eco-evolutionary model that incorporates knowledge of multiple mechanisms involved in adaptation is needed. To address these gaps in the field, this research program will combine field and laboratory research on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) which represent an ecologically, culturally, and economically significant species that continues to experience population declines across its range with climate being a potential factor. Through this research program, five graduate and four undergraduate students will be trained in field and laboratory techniques related to fish collection and physiology, molecular analyses, and bioinformatics and statistical analyses. In addition, students will also receive training in the preparation of manuscripts for publication and other avenues of science communication. Overall, the integration of multiple approaches and the development of models to robustly estimate responses to climate change will provide key tools for evolutionary biologists as well as conservation and management to help understand and predict future changes.