Remote sensing applications for understanding pyrodiversity-biodiversity relationships

用于了解火多样性与生物多样性关系的遥感应用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04923
• 负责人: Bourbonnais, Mathieu
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=761700
• 关键词: Remote; sensing; applications; understanding; pyrodiversity

Fire is an important ecological and evolutionary force shaping the composition and configuration of fire prone terrestrial ecosystems. The pyrodiversity-biodiversity hypothesis suggests regions with greater spatial and temporal variation in fire occurrence, size, and severity (i.e., pyrodiversity) will have greater biodiversity, largely due to niche variation that creates ecological and evolutionary conditions allowing species to co-exist. However, empirical support for the pyrodiversity-biodiversity hypothesis is varied and inference to date has been limited by available data, study design, and scale of analysis. With shifting global fire regimes due to climate change and land use, a better understanding of spatiotemporal variability in pyrodiversity is critically needed to support biodiversity conservation and landscape management. Satellite remote sensing is an essential tool for understanding global fire regimes and biodiversity. However, the spatial and temporal scale of most satellite imagery limits our understanding of fine-scale ecological dynamics, including patterns of succession and species richness in pre- and post-fire landscapes. New remote sensing data streams, including the integration of hyperspectral and light detection and ranging data (i.e., 3D imaging spectroscopy) provide opportunities to understand how vegetation diversity and ecological conditions vary at the patch-level in pre- and post-fire habitat. Combined with wildlife monitoring technologies, including trail cameras, acoustic sensors, and GPS telemetry collars, we can begin to understand how the diversity of communities of vegetation, wildlife, and even the behaviour of individual animals, respond to fire. Pyrodiversity, characterized using remote sensing technologies, and its influence on patterns of biodiversity of both flora and fauna from global to local scales will serve as the focus of multiple HQP-led investigations. In order to understand how species richness, vegetation and wildlife communities, and individual animals respond to habitat conditions and niche variation created by fire, the investigations will be multi-disciplinary and collaborative, providing HQP with hands-on experience in data collection and management, as well as analytical approaches in the lab and field that are directly transferrable to any employment sector. The research proposed contributes to my long-term research program goal of understanding how wildlife populations and individuals respond and adapt to humans and changing environmental conditions. Our group will emerge with a better understanding of the drivers or pyrodiversity and how fire influences habitat and biodiversity. In doing so, we aim to provide new insight to ecological and evolutionary theory related to fire and biodiversity, as well as how species are likely to respond to changing fire regimes that can inform biodiversity conservation and landscape management to the benefit of all Canadians.

火是一种重要的生态和进化力量，影响着易火陆地生态系统的组成和配置。火种多样性-生物多样性假说认为，在火灾发生、规模和严重程度（即火种多样性）上时空变化较大的地区，生物多样性也会更高，这主要是由于生态位的变化创造了允许物种共存的生态和进化条件。然而，对热多样性-生物多样性假说的实证支持是多种多样的，迄今为止的推论受到现有数据、研究设计和分析规模的限制。随着气候变化和土地利用引起的全球火情变化，迫切需要更好地了解火多样性的时空变化，以支持生物多样性保护和景观管理。卫星遥感是了解全球火灾状况和生物多样性的重要工具。然而，大多数卫星图像的时空尺度限制了我们对精细尺度生态动态的理解，包括火灾前后景观的演替模式和物种丰富度。新的遥感数据流，包括高光谱和光探测和测距数据（即3D成像光谱）的集成，为了解火灾前和火灾后栖息地斑块水平的植被多样性和生态条件变化提供了机会。结合野生动物监测技术，包括跟踪摄像机、声学传感器和GPS遥测项圈，我们可以开始了解植被群落、野生动物群落的多样性，甚至单个动物的行为，如何对火灾做出反应。利用遥感技术表征的焦多样性及其对从全球到局部尺度的动植物生物多样性格局的影响将成为hqp主导的多个调查的重点。为了了解物种丰富度、植被和野生动物群落以及个体动物对火灾造成的栖息地条件和生态位变化的反应，调查将是多学科和协作的，为HQP提供数据收集和管理方面的实践经验，以及实验室和现场的分析方法，这些方法可直接转移到任何就业部门。这项研究提议有助于我的长期研究计划目标，即了解野生动物种群和个体如何响应和适应人类和不断变化的环境条件。我们的团队将会更好地理解火多样性的驱动因素以及火如何影响栖息地和生物多样性。在此过程中，我们的目标是为与火灾和生物多样性相关的生态和进化理论提供新的见解，以及物种如何应对不断变化的火灾制度，从而为生物多样性保护和景观管理提供信息，以造福所有加拿大人。