Searching for New Physics with Colliders and Cosmology

用对撞机和宇宙学寻找新物理学

• 批准号: SAPIN-2021-00039
• 负责人: Stolarski, Daniel
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Subatomic Physics Envelope - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=762589
• 关键词: Searching; New; Physics; Colliders; Cosmology

Particle physics attempts to describe the fundamental building blocks of nature and the laws that govern their behaviour. This has led to the development of the Standard Model (SM) which explains the vast majority of phenomena that we see around us. We know, however, that the SM cannot be the full explanation of how the universe works. It cannot explain the dark matter that makes up more than 80% of the matter in the universe, and it cannot explain the excess of matter over antimatter. I propose to develop new techniques for use at current and future experiments that can answer these fundamental questions. One of the most important tools used in building the SM is data from particle colliders such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The LHC is a global effort with significant investment by the Canadian physics community. I will develop new methods to exploit the data from LHC that could potentially lead to a groundbreaking discovery. For example, theories of dark matter predict new particles that are invisible when they are produced, but decay into visible particles after flying through part of the experiment. These signatures require development of new techniques for discovery. I also plan to use the Higgs boson as a way to explore new phenomena. One possibility is the hypothetical decay of the Higgs to new long lived particles, and another is to make more precise measurements of the Higgs that may display subtle deviations from the SM predictions. Even a small deviation would signal the breakdown of the SM and discovery of new laws of nature. Another tool I plan to use is cosmology. The experimental detection of gravitational waves in 2016 was a groundbreaking discovery, and I plan to continue my exploration of how gravitational waves can be used to probe the dynamics of our universe in the first instants after the big bang. Models that explain dark matter or the Higgs mass sometimes have new particles that do not feel any of our familiar forces except gravity, making them extremely hard to verify experimentally. I propose to use gravitational waves and other astrophysical probes to see how these models can be probed in the near future. Developing new tools and techniques in Canada would enhance the country's profile in the global scientific community. Furthermore, all the research proposed here will be done in collaboration with students and postdoctoral fellows as part of an effort to train future scientific leaders. After completing studies in particle physics, students possess unique technical training and problem solving abilities in areas such as statistics, computing, and machine learning. Recently, a large fraction of graduates from the field who do not continue in academia have become data scientists, a highly in demand area underlying the technology of global giants such as Google and Canadian leaders like Shopify. Having strong particle physics research groups would make Canada a hub for developing the technologies of the future.

粒子物理学试图描述自然的基本组成部分以及控制其行为的定律。这导致了标准模型（SM）的发展，它解释了我们周围看到的绝大多数现象。然而我们知道，SM 不能完整解释宇宙如何运作。它无法解释占宇宙物质80%以上的暗物质，也无法解释物质多于反物质的现象。我建议开发用于当前和未来实验的新技术来回答这些基本问题。构建 SM 时使用的最重要的工具之一是来自大型强子对撞机 (LHC) 等粒子对撞机的数据。大型强子对撞机是一项全球性的努力，得到了加拿大物理学界的大力投资。我将开发新方法来利用大型强子对撞机的数据，这可能会带来突破性的发现。例如，暗物质理论预测新粒子在产生时是不可见的，但在飞过部分实验后会衰变成可见粒子。这些特征需要开发新技术来发现。我还计划使用希格斯玻色子作为探索新现象的一种方式。一种可能性是假设希格斯粒子衰变成新的长寿命粒子，另一种可能性是对希格斯粒子进行更精确的测量，这可能会显示与 SM 预测的细微偏差。即使是很小的偏差也将标志着 SM 的崩溃和新自然法则的发现。我计划使用的另一个工具是宇宙学。 2016年对引力波的实验探测是一个突破性的发现，我计划继续探索如何利用引力波来探测宇宙大爆炸后最初瞬间的动力学。解释暗物质或希格斯质量的模型有时会包含新粒子，这些粒子除了重力之外感受不到任何我们熟悉的力，这使得它们极难通过实验验证。我建议使用引力波和其他天体物理探测器来看看如何在不久的将来探测这些模型。在加拿大开发新工具和技术将提高该国在全球科学界的形象。此外，这里提出的所有研究都将与学生和博士后研究员合作完成，作为培养未来科学领袖的努力的一部分。完成粒子物理学的学习后，学生在统计、计算和机器学习等领域拥有独特的技术训练和解决问题的能力。最近，该领域的大部分毕业生没有继续进入学术界，成为了数据科学家，这是谷歌等全球巨头和 Shopify 等加拿大领先企业技术背后的一个高需求领域。拥有强大的粒子物理研究小组将使加拿大成为开发未来技术的中心。