Equilibrium, fluctuations, and transport in magnetically controlled plasmas

等离子体材料加工和表面改性对微电子和其他高科技制造业至关重要。等离子体被广泛应用于电等离子体推进领域，当推力是通过电离气体和使用电源（如太阳能电池板）喷射等离子体来产生的。这种装置已经成为深空任务和在近地轨道上长期保持和操纵卫星的使能技术。热等离子体是在实验室里创造出来的，以模仿太阳的条件，实现受控的热核聚变，从而获得无限的清洁能源。所有这些系统的实际开发都是通过等离子体物理学的基础科学学科来实现的，该学科研究电离气体的行为，例如在太阳、地球电离层、行星际和星际空间中自然存在的气体，并在实验室中创建。在自然界和实验室中，等离子体经常受到磁场的限制和控制，使其不稳定和动荡。湍流是非线性波相互作用的结果，导致高度不规则和不可预测的行为。尽管在空气动力学和天气预报等一些应用方面取得了进展，但湍流及其相关的异常（湍流）输运仍然是经典物理学的一个巨大挑战。了解等离子体湍流对于基本空间物理问题、新制造、推进和聚变装置的发展至关重要。提出的理论和计算等离子体物理研究旨在解释和预测实验室中磁控制等离子体的湍流行为以及用于聚变，材料加工和电力推进的技术应用等离子体。特别感兴趣的系统是用于电力推进的等离子体装置，如霍尔和磁喷嘴推进器，用于材料加工的磁增强等离子体源，托卡马克，开放式磁镜和用于聚变应用的z捏配置。这项研究的预期成果是等离子体器件物理的先进知识和预测等离子体行为和器件性能的新建模工具。长期目标是促进设计用于空间推进的新型等离子体系统，用于材料加工工业的新型等离子体系统，以及作为清洁能源的受控热核聚变的实际实现。该研究促进了对物理，分析和批判性分析的深入了解，以及在高性能计算和大数据集处理方面的强大技能。这些技能和专业知识对于保持加拿大在科学和高科技领域的竞争力至关重要。

Plasma-based material processing and surface modification are critical for microelectronics and other high-tech manufacturing industries. Plasmas are widely used in the growing field of electric plasma propulsion, when the thrust is generated by ionizing gas and ejecting plasmas using electrical power sources (e.g. solar panels). Such devices have become an enabling technology for deep space missions and long-term satellites keeping and maneuvering on near-Earth orbits. Hot plasmas are created in laboratories to imitate Sun conditions and achieve controlled thermonuclear fusion to access the limitless source of clean energy. Practical development of all these systems is enabled by a basic science discipline of plasma physics studying the behavior of an ionised gas such as that naturally present on the Sun, Earth's ionosphere, interplanetary and interstellar space, and created in laboratories. In nature and laboratories, plasmas are often confined and controlled by the magnetic fields making it unstable and turbulent. Turbulence is the result of nonlinear wave interactions resulting in highly irregular and unpredictable behavior. Despite the progress in some applications such as aerodynamics and weather forecasting, turbulence and related anomalous (turbulent) transport remains a great challenge of classical physics. Understanding plasma turbulence is vital for fundamental space physics problems, development of new manufacturing, propulsion, and fusion devices. The proposed theoretical and computational plasma physics research aims to explain and predict the turbulent behavior of magnetically controlled plasmas in the laboratory and technological application plasmas for fusion, material processing, and electric propulsion. Particular systems of interest are plasma devices for electric propulsion such as Hall and magnetic nozzle thrusters, magnetically enhanced plasma sources for material processing, tokamaks, open magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch configurations for fusion applications. The expected outcomes of this research are advanced knowledge of the physics of plasma devices and new modeling tools that will predict plasma behavior and device performance. The long-term objectives are to facilitate the design of new plasma systems for propulsion in space, new plasma systems for the material processing industry, and practical realization of controlled thermonuclear fusion as a clean energy source. This research promotes deep knowledge of physics, analytical and critical analysis, and strong skills in high-performance computations and large data set processing. These skills and expertise are vital to maintaining Canada's competitiveness in science and high technology areas.