Fluctuations, structures and transport in magnetized plasmas

磁化等离子体中的涨落、结构和输运

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05418
• 负责人: Smolyakov, Andrei
• 金额: $ 4.37万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=665515
• 关键词: Fluctuations; structures; transport; magnetized; plasmas

Physics of plasma is a basic science discipline studying the behavior of ionized gases such as those present in the Sun, the Earth's ionosphere, interplanetary and interstellar space. Plasma applications are pervasive in microelectronics, material surface modification, waste treatment, light sources, and many other areas. Plasmas are used in electric propulsion devices for deep space missions and long term orbit keeping. Hot plasmas are created in laboratories to imitate Sun conditions and achieve controlled thermonuclear fusion to access a limitless source of clean energy. In nature and laboratories, plasmas are often immersed in electric and magnetic fields, making them unstable and turbulent with highly irregular and unpredictable behavior. Despite the progress, such as in aerodynamics and weather forecasting, turbulence and the related anomalous (turbulent) transport is an unsolved problem and a great challenge for classical physics. Understanding of plasma turbulence is important for fundamental questions, such as the origin and dynamics of magnetic field of the Earth and Sun, solar wind, auroras, violent eruptions on the Sun, and many other phenomena in ionosphere and space. On the other side, progress in many plasma applications, such as controlled thermonuclear fusion and electric propulsion, has been hindered by difficulties caused by plasma turbulence. The long term objective of my research in theoretical plasma physics is to explain and predict the turbulent behavior and transport of magnetically confined plasmas including those for technological and fusion applications. Specifically, this proposal involves two major themes: *** 1. Development of physical models and numerical simulations to predict anomalous current and heating in turbulent plasma maintained by crossed electric and magnetic fields, which is widely used in various plasma propulsion and processing devices. Improved understanding of turbulent plasmas in these conditions would advance basic knowledge of turbulence as well as satisfy critical needs of electric propulsion technologies and bring better performance and new opportunities for material processing. *** 2. Electron energy transport associated with magnetic fluctuations, interaction and control of plasma fluctuations in magnetic confinement devices for controlled fusion. This theme addresses the long standing puzzle of electron energy transport in a tokamak and promising possibilities of plasma control with external means, such as external magnetic coils. Progress in these areas would bring us closer to the goal of achieving controlled fusion in the laboratory. *** This research promotes deep knowledge of physics, analytical and critical analysis, and strong skills in high performance computations and large data set processing. These skills and expertise are vital to maintain Canada's competitiveness in science and high technology industries. **

等离子体物理学是一门基础科学学科，研究太阳、地球电离层、行星际和星际空间中存在的电离气体的行为。等离子体在微电子、材料表面改性、废物处理、光源和许多其他领域的应用非常广泛。等离子体用于深空任务和长期轨道保持的电力推进装置。热等离子体是在实验室里创造出来的，以模仿太阳的条件，实现受控的热核聚变，从而获得无限的清洁能源。在自然界和实验室中，等离子体经常处于电场和磁场中，使其不稳定和动荡，具有高度不规则和不可预测的行为。尽管在空气动力学和天气预报等方面取得了进展，但湍流及其相关的异常（湍流）输运仍然是一个未解决的问题，也是对经典物理学的巨大挑战。了解等离子体湍流对一些基本问题很重要，如地球和太阳磁场的起源和动力学、太阳风、极光、太阳上的剧烈喷发以及电离层和太空中的许多其他现象。另一方面，许多等离子体应用的进展，如受控热核聚变和电力推进，一直受到等离子体湍流造成的困难的阻碍。我研究理论等离子体物理的长期目标是解释和预测磁约束等离子体的湍流行为和传输，包括那些用于技术和聚变应用的等离子体。具体而言，本提案涉及两大主题：*** 1。建立物理模型和数值模拟，预测由电场和磁场交叉维持的湍流等离子体中的异常电流和加热，广泛应用于各种等离子体推进和处理装置。提高对这些条件下湍流等离子体的理解将推进湍流的基础知识，满足电力推进技术的关键需求，并为材料加工带来更好的性能和新的机会。* * * 2。受控聚变磁约束装置中与磁波动相关的电子能量输运、相互作用和等离子体波动的控制。这个主题解决了托卡马克中电子能量传输的长期难题，以及用外部手段（如外部磁线圈）控制等离子体的可能性。这些领域的进展将使我们更接近在实验室中实现可控核聚变的目标。***本研究将促进对物理、分析和批判性分析的深入了解，以及高性能计算和大型数据集处理的强大技能。这些技能和专业知识对于保持加拿大在科学和高科技行业的竞争力至关重要。**