基于UWSNs的近海环境安全实时探测新机理及关键技术

近年我国部分海域生态环境恶化、维权形势严峻。对近海海域实施长周期全方位环境安全探测，切合国家海洋环境安全和浙江舟山海洋经济示范区安全保障的重大需求。项目针对近海环境特点，由水下固定节点和移动节点AUV组成水下无线传感器网络(UWSNs)作为分布式实时探测平台。针对该平台的基础设施条件，首先开展水下通信组网关键技术研究，实现UWSNs在满足高吞吐量下的可靠通信；接着，利用UWSNs搭载的各类环境参数传感器，对近海水质进行长周期多参量同步监测，并通过多传感器融合技术实现环境安全等级评估；然后，结合网络布局优化和AUV声源设计，开展近海微弱动目标的分布式协同探测与跟踪技术研究，获取目标的位置和属性等关键参数；最后，构建近海环境安全探测开放式实验系统进行实验研究，根据实验结果优化理论方案。项目的研究成果不仅深入阐释了近海环境安全探测机理，而且为国家和浙江省正在推进的智慧海洋战略提供了关键技术支撑。

In recent years, the ecological environment of some of China’s territorial waters has deteriorated significantly while protecting them has become more challenging. The long-term periodic and comprehensive environmental detection of offshore waters is critical to ensure the environmental safety and security of our nation and particularly, the Ocean Economy Demonstration Region in Zhou Shan, Zhejiang. This project will construct underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) that will be used as a platform of distributed real-time detection. The platform consists of both fixed and mobile nodes, such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). First, this research will investigate the key technologies of UWSNs-based networking to ensure reliable communications and improve the data throughput. Second, this project will utilize the sensors equipped in the underwater nodes for long-term offshore water parameter monitoring and environmental safety evaluation via multi-sensor fusion. Third, this project will study the detection and tracking of the offshore targets by considering the mobility of AUV in order to estimate the key target parameters, such as position, velocity, acceleration, size, and amount. Finally, this project will design and construct an open experimental system for offshore environmental safety detection. The relevant research will be carried out and the findings of the experiments will be used for the improvement of the theories. In summary, the outcomes of this research will not only explore the mechanism for offshore environmental safety detection but also provide a crucial technical support for advancing the smart ocean strategy in our nation and Zhejiang Province.