亲缘关系鉴定是法医物证学研究的主要内容之一。依托短串联重复序列STR标记，基于毛细管电泳技术平台的多重荧光复合扩增分型技术是目前国内外的主要技术手段。目前，国内外所普遍使用的STR分型试剂盒主要局限在人类常染色体上，对于一些诸如缺少参照样本的祖母与孙女、同父姐妹等类型的案件，尚不能够提供有效的遗传信息。X染色体由于其独特的遗传规律，在上述类型的案件鉴定中具有重要的应用价值。目前，国内外对于X染色体上遗传标记的研究尚不多见。本课题拟在前期工作基础上，系统研究中国人群X染色体上的STR和InDel遗传标记，筛选出一组具有良好法医学应用价值在中国主要民族中具有通用性的X-STR基因座和X-InDel位点并建立相应的分型体系，不仅丰富了X染色体上的遗传信息，更能为特殊亲缘关系鉴定提供新的技术手段。

Paternity testing is one of the major contents of forensic genetics. Based on the platform of capillary electrophoresis, the multiple fluorescent PCR and genotyping technology is the main method for STR analysis. Nowadays, the generally applied STR genotyping kits were principally focused on studying of auto-chromosomes, which can’t provide effective genetic information for special cases such as the judgement of relationships between grandmother and granddaughter without any references or half-sib sisters with the same father, et al. By virtue of the unique genetic law of X chromosome, it plays an important role in the cases mentioned above. However, not so much studies were observed in the research of genetic markers on X chromosome today, national or international. Based on the previous working experiences, we intend to study genetic markers of STR and InDel on X chromosome in Chinese population systematically. Screening out a group of X-STR and X-InDel markers with excellent forensic application values which can be generally applied in the main nations of China and building a genotyping system accordingly is our final aim, which can not only enrich the genetic information study on X chromosome, but also provide a new technological method for special paternity testing.