树突状细胞（DC）和肥大细胞（MC）分别是变应性鼻炎（AR）发病启动和效应阶段的中心环节，对这两种细胞进行有效调控可抑制AR的发生和发展。我们前期研究发现iPSC来源的间充质干细胞（iPSC-MSC）可有效抑制呼吸道变态反应小鼠鼻及肺部的炎症浸润，显著改善鼻部症状及降低血清IgE水平和TH2型细胞因子，但调节机制尚不明确。应用体外实验我们发现iPSC-MSCs可显著抑制DC的成熟。因此我们推测iPSC-MSC可通过调控DC和MC对变应性炎症起免疫调节作用。鉴于iPSC可以提供无限来源的MSC且其具有强大优势，本课题拟通过体内外实验观察iPSC-MSC对参与变应性炎症发病的DC和MC的免疫调控效应；及相应分子机制。iPS是个突破性的科学发现，具有强大的应用优势，其在变态反应领域的研究还是空白，本研究具有较强的时代性及可为iPSC-MSC向临床应用的转化提供理论依据。

Dendritic cells (DC) and mast cells (MC) are respectively the centres of the sensitization phase and challenge phase of pathophysiology in allergic rhinitis (AR). Targeting the regulation of both DC and MC could inhibit the AR inflammation. We previously found that mesenchymal stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-MSC) protected the mice from the majority of allergy-specific pathological changes, including inhibition of inflammatory infiltration and excess mucus production in the lung, inhibition of eosinophil infiltration in the nose, and inhibition of inflammatory infiltration in both the bronchoalveolar and nasal lavage. Furthermore, treatment with iPSC-MSC lowered the serum levels of Th2 immunoglobulins (IgE) and decreased the levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 or IL-13) in bronchial and nasal lavage. However, the possible mechanism is unclear. We further found that iPSC-MSC significantly inhibited the maturation of DC in vitro. Therefore, we hypothesize that iPSC-MSC play the immunomodulation on allergic inflammation via regulating DC and MC. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of iPSC-MSC on DC and MC which are involved in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis. There were no reports about iPSC-MSC on allegy. This study is timely and may provide useful information to the application of iPSC-MSCs in the clinical trials in the future.