寄生关系中转座子水平转移及其对宿主基因组进化的影响研究

水平基因转移现象在原核生物中普遍存在，但在多细胞真核生物中的报道主要是关于转座子的水平转移。寄主-寄生物关系促进转座子水平转移，是进化生物学领域的一个基础和重要科学假说。然而，目前对这一科学假说的认识仍存在争议，并且关于转座子水平转移对寄主和寄生物基因组进化的影响研究鲜有报道。基于申请人前期的工作基础、捻翅目寄生虫寄主的广泛性以及昆虫和捻翅目寄生虫丰富的数据资源，本项目拟以昆虫-捻翅目寄生虫为模型，从全基因组这个新视角，通过比较基因组学方法开展寄主-寄生物关系中转座子水平转移事件的鉴定，发生程度和频率研究，系统评价寄主-寄生物关系在转座子水平转移中的作用；同时，通过开展水平转移的转座子在不同物种中染色体上的分布及与宿主基因关系的研究，揭示转座子水平转移对基因组进化的影响。研究结果不仅可以加深对转座子水平转移机制的认识，而且可以为研究转基因生物安全性评价提供新的思路，有重要理论和实践意义。

Horizontal gene transfer is common in prokaryotes, but in multicellular eukaryotes these cases mainly involved in the transposon horizontal transfer. The host-parasite relationship promoting the transposon horizontal transfer is a basic and important scientific hypothesis in the field of evolutionary biology. However, the current understanding of the scientific hypothesis remains controversial. Moreover, the effect of transposon horizontal transfer on host and parasite genome evolution remains unknown. Based on our previous observations、the widespread distribution of Strepsiptera parasite host and the rich data resources of insects and Strepsiptera parasites, identification, occurrence degree and frequency of horizontal transfer of transposon in host-parasite relationship will be investigated in this project through comparative genomics from the new perspective of the whole genome using insects-Strepsiptera parasite as a model, systematically evaluating the roles of host-parasite relationship on transposon horizontal transfer. Meanwhile, the distribution of horizontal transfer of transposons on the chromosome of different species and their relationship with host genes will be also carried out, revealing the effect of transposon horizontal transfer on genome evolution. Our results can not only deepen the understanding of transposon horizontal transfer mechanisms, but also can provide new insights to investigate the safety of transgenic biological evaluation, which has important theoretical and practical significances.