非均衡湍流在自然界中广泛存在，对其的研究是人类认识湍流从简单走向复杂的必要一步，而其成果也直接面向国家的重大战略需求。现有的非均衡研究都存在着局限性，只能用于一些特殊、理想的非均衡演化过程，且没有形成完整统一的理论体系。在前期工作的启发下，为有效地描述真实流动中的湍流非均衡性，申请人考虑非均衡的本质即多尺度特性，提出更具有普遍性的“多尺度非均衡性”思想；在此基础上，针对性地提出新的研究方式，即谱空间和物理空间的联合多尺度分析方法，以建立较完整的非均衡理论体系。接着将该理论用于湍流建模，分别在亚格子模型、湍流模型和封闭模型中考虑多尺度非均衡性，改进现有的模型，并在真实复杂湍流中进行检验。

Non-equilibrium turbulence exists widely in the world. The studies on non-equilibrium property is a necessary step in people's recognization history, and is also a specific step under the global requirement of government. Existing studies on non-equilibrium turbulence can only correspond to specific non-equilibrium procedures without constructing a systematic theory. Inspired from our previous researches, in order to efficiently describe the non-equilibrium property in real turbulence, we consider the spirit of non-equilibrium, i.e., the multiscale property, and give the strict definition of "multiscale non-equilibrium property". We then propose a further analysis based on the ensemble spectral- and physical-space analysis, in order to construct a systemetic theory framework. This theory is expected to provide methodologies for practical modeling applications, such as subgrid-scale modeling, turbulence modeling and closure modeling, with numerical verifications in practical complex turbulent flows.