养殖废水人工湿地处理系统中厌氧氨氧化菌的时空变化规律与功能效应研究

厌氧氨氧化可将氨氮直接转化为氮气且避免了温室气体N2O的产生而成为生物脱氮和氮循环领域的研究亮点。当前人工湿地技术在农业面源氮素污染源头治理中应用广泛。微生物作用是人工湿地氮去除的主要机制，但关于湿地中驱动厌氧氨氧化的微生物的动态变化与功能效应仍不清楚，亟待深入解析与定量评估。本项目拟以处理农村养殖废水的人工湿地系统为研究对象，采用荧光定量PCR、高通量测序和同位素示踪等技术全面揭示湿地土壤厌氧氨氧化菌的丰度、多样性和活性的时空变化规律，并综合运用统计分析方法阐明土壤环境因子、植物和其它氮转化微生物对其变化的影响；采用连续流动分析仪和静态箱-气相色谱法系统监测湿地氮去除和N2O排放特征，进而结合厌氧氨氧化菌的动态变化及氮转化速率评估其对湿地氮去除与N2O减排的效应。本研究有助于提高人工湿地微生物脱氮机制的认识，可为调控湿地微生物氮转化过程和N2O减排提供理论基础。

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has become a research highlight in the fields of biological denitrification and nitrogen (N) cycle, due to it can directly change ammonia nitrogen to nitrogen gas and avoids the generation of greenhouse gas - nitrous oxide (N2O). Presently, constructed wetlands (CWs) is increasingly used to lower the N load from agricultural nonpoint sources. Microbial action are the main mechanism of N transformation in CWs, however, the dynamic change and functional roles of anammox bacteria in CWs are still unknown and should in-depthanalysis and assessment. A CWs system treating rural swine wastewater will be selected as the research object in this work and research methods, including real-time quantitative PCR, high-throughout sequencing and isotope tracer technique, will be carried out to explore the spatiotemporal variation of anammox bacterial abundance, diversity and activity in the sediments of CWs. Moreover, the influence of soil environmental factors, plant and other N transforming microbes on anammox bacteria will be analyzed by statistical methods. Meanwhile, continuous flow analyzer method and static chamber-gas chromatograph technique will be carried out to routinely monitoring the N removal and N2O emission flux characteristics. Finally, the effects of anammox bacteria in N removal and N2O emission reduction will be assessed by integrated with its dynamic change and N transforming rates. Through the work all above, this research will help to improve the knowledge of microbial N removal mechanism in CWs, and also provide theoretical basis for reasonably regulating the microbial N transformation process and the reduction of N2O emission in CWs.